Kislovodsk

The city received its name due to the abundance of sources of medicinal carbonated water “ Narzan ”, which in Russia has long been called “sour water” ^[7] . Narzan (“nart sané”) from the Adyg language is translated as “the heroic drink”.

Kislovodsk is the southernmost city of the Stavropol Territory. Located 234 km from the city of Stavropol , 64 km from the station Mineralnye Vody , in the northern foothills of the Greater Caucasus at an altitude of 750-1400 meters above sea level. Originated from the Russian military fortress, founded in 1803. The city owes its appearance and name to the source of sour mineral water Narzan .

Location and terrain

Kislovodsk is located in the south of the Stavropol Territory, practically on the border with Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria , 65 km from Mount Elbrus . The city is located in a small and cozy picturesque valley, surrounded by the slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and formed by the gorges of two confluent rivers - Olkhovka and Berezovka , which flow into the Podkumok River. The length of the valley from the south-east to north-west is about 7 km.

The terrain is mountainous, cut by ravines and beams. Areas of the city are at different heights above sea level. The lowest point of Kislovodsk is 750 m above sea level on the outskirts of the city, and the highest is 1409 m on the mountain Big Saddle in the resort park .

The landscape of the city and its surroundings is very picturesque. The city is surrounded by sandstone and chalk mountains, forming numerous terraces with deep caves and grottoes. Separate blocks of red sandstones took a rather bizarre form as a result of weathering. These formations are known as "red stones". From the east and southeast, the city is fenced with hills, interconnected by small elevations, and a chain of Cretaceous mountains, constituting together the middle part of the Dzhinalsky range (height up to 1500 m). From the north, the Kislovodsk valley is bounded by a chain of terraced chalky mountains of the Borgustan range , reaching a height of 1200 m above sea level. The Borgustansky and Dzhinalsky ranges are spurs of the Pasture Range , one of the northern ridges of the Greater Caucasus . From the south and southeast, the Kislovodsk valley is bounded by the kuestas of the Rocky Range - the Kabardian Range up to 1600 m high and the Bermamyt Plateau , cut by the gorges of the Alikonovka , Berezovka and Olkhovka rivers.

Climate

The mountains surrounding Kislovodsk protect it from winds and fogs, providing it with a special microclimate. Despite the fact that the city is located in a deep valley among the mountains, the air here never stagnates, as the valley is continuously ventilated by the free flow of fresh mountain air going through the river gorges. Kislovodsk is located much higher than other resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and is protected by a chain of mountains reaching a height of 1,200 m in the north, 1,400 m in the east and up to 1,600 m above sea level in the south of the city, while the low cloudiness from the east and south east rises mainly to a height of 1000-1200 m ^[8] . Because of this, one can observe a sharp change in the weather, leaving Kislovodsk in sunny weather and getting cloudy with rain or snow, after 10 km to the northeast of Kislovodsk, moving towards the cities of Pyatigorsk and Mineralnye Vody . Due to this, Kislovodsk is rightfully considered to be one of the world's best climatic stations.

The climate is moderately continental with a large number of sunny days. By the number of sunny days, Kislovodsk is not inferior to the best resorts in the world. The average annual number of clear days in Kislovodsk is about 150, while in Pyatigorsk - 98, in Zheleznovodsk - 112, and in Yessentuki - 117. The number of cloudy days is small - an average of 61 days per year. The average number of hours of sunshine in Kislovodsk is about 2093 hours per year. The average annual temperature is about +7.8 ° C, which is slightly lower than at other resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The average annual rainfall is the largest among KavMinVod resorts - 670 mm, but most of them fall in spring and early summer. The air in Kislovodsk is always clean, mostly dry and invigorating. Kislovodsk stands out among other resorts KavMinVod mainly in its quiet, without strong winds weather and low humidity in the winter period, which ranges from 56 to 70% during the day, which has a beneficial effect on the health of holidaymakers. The resort is characterized by the constancy of atmospheric pressure, and the air pressure in Kislovodsk is relatively low - 689 mm Hg. Art. (normal pressure is 760 mmHg. Art.), therefore, vacationers are experiencing a rise in strength, a surge of cheerfulness and good mood, which has a beneficial effect on the treatment of patients.

Winter in Kislovodsk is moderately mild, dry, with unstable snow cover, cold usually occurs in the second half of November or even later. Snowfall is usually small, although snowfall may lie for 1.5 - 2 months. The coldest days are in January (-3.0 ° C), but with the invasion of air masses of arctic origin, the air temperature can drop even to −29 ° C (which is extremely rare, about 1-2 times in 10 years) at that at the same time, with thaws it rises to +18 +24 ° C. In winter there are many sunny days, during the day the sun shines at least 4 hours (which, in the presence of snow cover and considerable height above sea level, requires protection of the eyes and exposed skin from the ultraviolet radiation of the sun). Calm is often celebrated in winter. Strong winds are rare, although it can sometimes blow cold and strong (up to 20 m / s) southeast wind all week. This happens during those periods when the anticyclone increases in the northeast, and a cyclone comes from the southwest, from the side of the Black Sea, because of the large difference in pressure and the east and southeast wind increases. From the side of the Dzhinalsky range, he bursts into the Kislovodsk valley unexpectedly and subsides just as abruptly. In winter, relative air humidity is 72% on average.

Spring comes later than at other resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, the weather is changeable and windy, especially in April, there is a change of rains in snowfall, warm weather - in cold weather. In March, frequent returns of cold weather with snowfall, although flashes of almost summer heat also occur. In April, it rains more, the average temperature rises, a real spring comes, the weather is still changeable, the number of cloudy days is about 6 per month. In May, the heat, precipitation is mostly abundant, are already predominantly thunderstorm.

Summer in Kislovodsk is moderately humid, warm, long, almost never hot, thanks to the unique valley mountain winds in the evening and early morning it is always cool, in summer the difference between day and night air temperature is 10-15 ° C, the average temperature of July - August is 18.4 ° C, the rains are mostly short-term, thunderstorm, from May to July are quite frequent and abundant (in May-July the maximum amount of precipitation per month can reach, although not often, even up to 264–297 mm). In summer, the relative humidity in Kislovodsk is about 69%. Thunderstorms pass rapidly and usually briefly. A rather serious storm in the city was on July 27, 2018, when the streets turned into swirling streams, and a squally wind somewhere threw trees. Fortunately, such cataclysms here are quite rare, until August 27, 2018 a similar event was in the summer of 1976, that is, more than 40 years ago.

Sustainable “golden autumn” begins in September. In October, there are still many warm sunny days in Kislovodsk, but the breath of autumn begins to be felt, especially at night. Rarely, in October, the first snow can already fall and then melt away, or maybe, in summertime, it is warm and dry. Mostly sunny and dry weather usually lasts until the end of October. There is little precipitation, mostly windless and sunny. At the end of November, night frosts begin and it may be cold in the wintertime, and the predzimye comes. In general, the average November temperature is + 2 + 4 ° C. Regarding fogs, Kislovodsk is in better conditions than other CMS resorts. In winter, in Kislovodsk, on average, there are 20 days with fogs, and in summer - 6 days.

Thunderstorms in Kislovodsk are especially intense. For the year on average there are 23 days with thunderstorms. They usually begin in April, most often in June and end in October.

• The average annual air temperature is 6.5 ° C (on the hill; in the valley above - +8.0 ° C)
• Relative air humidity - 76.2%
• Average wind speed - 2.4 m / s

Absolute maximum and minimum precipitation in mm ^[11]

Vegetation

The city is very green, there are many gardens and flower gardens. Decoration and pride of Kislovodsk is Kislovodsk National Park . On the slopes of the mountains surrounding Kislovodsk, there are subalpine meadows , in the vicinity - mountain-steppe vegetation. In the area of ​​the tract Dzhinal and in the valley of Charm (the zone of feeding of mineral springs) on an area of ​​13 hectares 70 thousand birch and 30 thousand seedlings of Crimean pine were planted. In Kislovodsk and its surroundings there are also numerous orchards. More than 250 species and species of trees and shrubs grow within the city, including cedar , fir , birch, pine, ash , beech , alder , hornbeam , maple , larch , spruce, black walnut , Chinese pavlonia, cork, and in the meadows and More than 800 species of herbaceous plants grow in forests, such as crocuses of various colors, proleska , lilies of the valley, a medicinal bath (Solomon print), as well as those listed in the Red Book of Russia - Caucasian snowdrop, dolomite bell, crops .

Kislovodsk forestry is engaged in the protection and protection of the forest near the city (including the extinguishing of forest fires) ^[12] .

Chronology of settlements

As a result of two centuries of studying the traces of ancient settlements on the territory of Kislovodsk and around the city, more than 800 archaeological monuments were discovered and studied. This allowed to partially restore the chronology of cultures that existed in the territory of modern Kislovodsk from 5 millennium BC. er ^{[13] [14]} . For some historical periods, archaeological monuments have not yet been discovered, which does not allow to reliably judge the settlements of these periods.

Early history

During excavations in the archaeological complex "Kabardinka-2" 10 km south of Kislovodsk, remains of a settlement of the ancient Koban culture of the Bronze Age (XIII-XII centuries BC) were discovered. The size of the settlement was significant for that time - several dozen houses measuring 16 by 12 meters ^[15] . Another famous archaeological site is the large Klin-Yar complex, located on the western outskirts of Kislovodsk. This complex contains the remains of buildings and burials belonging to the Koban (9th – 7th centuries BC), Sarmatian and Alanian periods ^{[13] [16]} .

XVIII century

By the end of the 18th century, the Kislovodsk Valley was not inhabited. There is information that officially the territory where the source of the narzan is located, did not belong to anyone and constituted the border area between the lands of the Great Kabarda in the east and the lands of the Little Abaza tribe in the west ^[17] . It is known only about the existence in the valley of a small Abaza settlement of the Dzhantemirovs' family and a sentry post on Kresty Mountain (the Mountain of the Holy Spirit), consisting of two mud huts, a dugout, a shelter for horses and a guard tower ^[18] . In 1793, the scientist Peter-Simon Pallas visited the Kislovodsk valley. He studied the source of the narzan for the first time, measured the depth of the source's reservoir, compiled its description, predicting a great future for narzan, and also drew up a plan for the area adjacent to the source. Count I. Morkov, commander of troops on the Caucasian line, is considered the pioneer of the holiday seasons in Kislovodsk. In 1798, he camped over a spring on Krestovaya Hill, accompanied by his wife and young secretary Alexei Rebrov. Morkov took baths from heated narzan to cure asthma. ^[18]

XIX century

On March 7, 1803, Alexander I issued a rescript on the construction of a fortification in a place “where acidic waters are located near the Caucasus Mountains”. It instructed Prince P. Tsitsianov, an inspector of the Caucasian line, to "bring into action this strengthening, using military servants for that purpose" ^[19] . The acidic waters fortress, belonging to the Azov-Mozdok defensive line , was erected on an elevation between the rivers, later called Olkhovka and Berezovka , at a distance of a cannon shot from the source of the narzan. The construction was carried out by six companies of the 16th Eger Regiment from the Constantinogorsk Fortress from June to October 1803.

The fortress surrounded by a moat had the shape of a Sternshan star with three acute-angled and two semicircular bastions on which cannons were placed. From the north and southwest the gate led to the fortress. On the territory of the fortress there were three officers 'houses, three soldiers' barracks, a food station, a guardhouse , a kitchen, an infirmary, company tsekhgauzy, a powder magazine, a stable, houses with holiday services ^{[18] [20]} . An underground passage was dug out of the fortress to the river in case of a long siege. On the hill against the source was arranged Cossack redoubt with barracks. Usually in the fortress there were two companies of soldiers, but in the summer period the garrison was replenished with two more infantry companies, several dragoon squadrons and hundreds of Cossacks. The garrison of the redoubt on the Cossack Hill strengthened, pickets were put forward, batteries were installed at the nearest heights. The events of that time are now reminded by the names of small mountains - Cossack, Piketnaya, Battery.

In 1812, the fortress was rebuilt, the tournaments were replaced with stone, a high stone wall with loopholes and corner towers was erected ^{[18] [20]} .

The founders and first inhabitants of Kislovodsk were Russian soldiers who, after serving a fixed term in the fortress, remained to live here. Not far from the fortress, on the slopes of the hill, now referred to as Soldatskaya, they built turluchnykh and adobe houses covered with reeds or straw, often for 2-3 families. The first streets were the 1st and 2nd Soldiers and Kabarda streets (named after the Kabardian regiment, whose soldiers participated in the rebuilding of the fortress). Thus arose the Kislovodsk Soldier Settlement. From the Slobozhan region, the Russian population of present-day Kislovodsk has also gone ^[18] .

In the summer, the Kislovodsk spring visited more and more holidaymakers. In 1812, a bath for 3 baths was built (before that, narzan baths were taken in recesses dug in the ground). In 1820, during his first trip to the Caucasus in the Kislovodsk fortress, lived A. Pushkin , who arrived with the family of General N. N. Raevsky . For the second time, Pushkin visited Kislovodsk in the summer of 1829 during the second trip to the Caucasus; this time the poet first settled in the restaurant, and then moved to the house of A. F. Rebrov ^{[18] [20]} .

A special role in the formation and development of Kislovodsk was played by General A.P. Yermolov , thanks to which the leading edge of the Caucasian line was moved much south of the Caucasus and the highland raids stopped. According to his personal presentation, in 1822 the government allocated funds for the arrangement of the city; in particular, a 2-storey luxurious restaurant with a colonnade and a staircase descending to the park and the source was built over the source by the brothers Johann and Joseph Bernardozzi. A grotto was built under the stairs (now Lermontovsky). The restaurant had a large hall for dancing, balls, and also rooms for visitors. In addition, in 1823, by order of General Yermolov, work began on the arrangement of the Kislovodsk park .

August 24, 1836 Resort Boulevard was opened. Designed by architect D. Bernardazzi ^[21] .

In the middle of the XIX century, the Kislovodsk fortress was rebuilt according to the project of architect S.I. Upton . Among other buildings of Upton, one should first of all mention the stone building of the Narzan Gallery in the medieval English style, the construction of which lasted 10 years and ended in 1858. By 1873, Kislovodsk was already well landscaped: from the turn of the road directly to the gallery was an alley of pyramidal poplars. Behind the gallery was a vast and dense park. To the left of the gallery are the homes of private owners. At the end of the park, on the right side of the river, there was a swimming pool arranged above a cold spring called Semigradusny. Now this place is one of the attractions of Kislovodsk - a mirror pond with a glass jet.

Famous merchant and noble families began to settle in Kislovodsk: representatives of metropolitan intelligentsia: landowner Alexei Rebrov ( M. YU . Lermontov and L. Tolstoy stayed in his famous house), Fleet General Joseph Debou, Astrakhan merchant, and then mayor Nikolai Shaykin , Catherine merchants brothers Tarasov and others ^[22] . The population of Kislovodsk grew rapidly, over 10 years, from 1881 to 1891, it grew from 1551 to 6000 people.

Of great importance was the construction of a highway from the station Mineralnye Vody to Kislovodsk in 1875, and especially the construction of a railway line from Mineralnye Vody, through which the city was connected with the central cities of the country. On May 17, 1894, the regular movement of trains in the Mineralnye Vody-Kislovodsk section was opened ^[23] . In 1895, Kislovodsk received electric lighting from the White Coal hydropower station. All this increased the number of visitors, which required an increase in housing construction and an increase in water supply. In 1896, a small mineral water bottling plant was opened.

In 1895, the construction of Kursalah was completed. Near this year, the construction of a light openwork station building was completed, which, together with Kurzal, represents a single architectural ensemble. These beautiful buildings are a monument of old architecture. At one time, the Russian writer D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak wrote about Kislovodsk: “The city is wonderful, sweeping its streets along the steep banks of the river. The general view was very beautiful, and a magnificent railway station could decorate any capital. ” At present, the railway station has been restored, and in front of the old building a new station building has been built, erected in style and harmony with the existing one, which is like a mirror reflection of the old building, but with spacious aprons, a ticket office, a luggage room.

Stanitsa Kislovodskaya

In 1825, the village of Kislovodskaya was founded four versts north of the Kislovodsk Fortress. The first inhabitants of the village were 100 families who were resettled here from the village of Alexander in the spring of 1826. The Cossacks, engaged in their spare time from the service of tillage and cattle breeding, supplied the resort and settlement with food. There was a management of the ataman, who disposed of stanichny lands, lands, forests and public capital ^{[18] [20] [24]} . There were two Christian communities in the village: Orthodox and Old Believers ^[24] .

In 1832 the stanitsa entered the educated Caucasian linear Cossack army , and in 1860 - the Terek Cossack army , formed from the Caucasian linear army. Since the mid-1950s, the number of Ukrainians has increased in the stanitsa. This was the second wave of immigrants, when immigrants from the Voronezh, Poltava, Tambov provinces, from Ukraine, Don and Khopra arrived in the village ^[24] . In the second half of the XIX century, 1.5 thousand inhabitants lived in the village ^[25] .

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kislovodsk stanitsa was among the medium-sized in the region. From 2.5 to 4.4 thousand people lived in it. Stanitsa atamans were I. Smirnov, I. Vasiuk, A. Chepko, N. Tribuhin, K. Kozmenko ^[25] . The Cossack government was located on the stanitsa square (now the traffic police administration, the corner of Tchaikovsky and Yessentukskaya streets). On the initiative of Ataman Chepko, in 1906, the stanitsa school was built (now secondary school No. 9) ^[24] .

XX century

On June 25, 1903, by the decree of Nicholas II, the Kislovodsk settlement was transformed into a city ^[26] . Next to Kurzal in Upper Park, they built an excellent musical shell called the crystal one for its high acoustic properties. In 1920-1930, 20 new sanatoriums were created in the city, and in the reconstructed buildings of boarding houses, mansions, hotels, 22 more sanatoriums were organized.

On May 16, 1926, regular broadcasting was started in Kislovodsk ^[21] .

On February 20, 1932, the Presidium of the All - Russian Central Executive Committee decided to include in the city limits of the city of Kislovodsk the village of Budennovskaya with farmstead lands ^[27] .

In 1928, according to the project of architect P. P. Eskov, in the central part of the city, near the Main Narzan baths , the October Baths building was constructed on 60 cabins, which was notable for its noble exterior forms, conveniences, compact interior layout, abundance of air and light and had a narzano-storage 400 cubic meters. In the same year, the old factory for bottling narzan was re-erected and mechanized. At the sanatorium "Fortress" in 1934, the mud baths were built, which provided silt sulfide mud of Tambukan Lake to all patients coming to the resort (capacity - up to 300 patients). In 1935-1938 in Kislovodsk, wonderful sanatoriums were commissioned, such as the sanatorium named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze with 500 beds, designed by architects M. Ya. Ginzburg , Popov, S. E. Vakhtangov and architect from Czechoslovakia J. Shpalek ^[28] . This resort and to this day remains one of the most comfortable health resorts of the resort. In the same period, the “ Sanatorium-Hotel NKVD ” (now “Kislovodsk”) and the sanatorium “Red Stones” , featuring luxury and maximum comfort, were built according to the design of architect M.I. Merzhanov .

All 20 sanatoria built in Kislovodsk before World War II, are made in compliance with high sanitary requirements and with maximum comfort for patients. The exterior forms of the buildings are modern, the territories are landscaped and adapted for quiet rest and treatment. They still serve the people. The buildings of the sanatoriums are architectural monuments of Russian architecture of the 1930s. After the beginning of World War II, the further development of the resort was disrupted, Kislovodsk was turned into a hospital base. Already in August 1941, 36 hospitals were deployed on the basis of sanatoriums and hotels. The city of Kislovodsk was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, for the great dedication to the treatment and restoration of soldiers' health, a significant contribution to the development of health care and for the successes achieved in economic and cultural construction.

January 11, 1943 Kislovodsk was liberated from the Nazi invaders ^[21] .

By 1950, all sanatoriums and medical institutions of the resort were fully restored, large hydrogeological surveys were carried out, which made it possible to increase the reserves of narzan for balneological purposes. Along with the restoration work began a new construction and improvement of the city. According to the project of the architect A. A. Ol , the first-class sanatoriums “Mountain Peaks”, “Piket” were built in 1951 and put into operation. In 1952, the sanatorium "Mountain Air", built in the palace style, and the sanatorium "Moscow" were put into operation. In 1955, the collective farm “Russia” of the Novoaleksandrovsky District of the Stavropol Territory built for the collective farmers a remarkable sanatorium “Kolos”. All new resorts are equipped with modern equipment, they have created maximum comfort for patients. More than 600 million rubles were spent on the development of the resort, its restoration, reconstruction and improvement by the state.

On August 20, 1953, the Kislovodsk region was abolished. Its territory was transferred to the Kislovodsk City Executive Committee ^[29] .

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of May 29, 1958, the stanitsa of Kislovodsk was included in the boundary of the city of Kislovodsk ^[30] . State farms, collective farms and subsidiary farms of the former village were transferred to the Piedmont region ^[25] , formed on November 23, 1959 ^[31] .

On June 5, 1964, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR decided to limit the registration of citizens in the resort cities of Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Yessentuki, Mineralnye Vody and the adjacent settlements of the Stavropol Territory ^[32]

XXI Century

The resort park of the city of Kislovodsk by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.06.2016 No. 493 was renamed into the Kislovodsk National Park of federal significance covering an area of ​​965.8 ha.

The official symbols of Kislovodsk as a municipality (city district) are the coat of arms and flag, approved on January 25, 2013 by decision of the Duma of the resort town of Kislovodsk No. 17-413 ^[33] and entered on April 16, 2013 in the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation with assignment of registration numbers 8277 and 8278, respectively ^[34] .

The heraldic description of the coat of arms of the resort city reads: “In the azure field above is the golden sun (without the image of the face), below is the silver cup from which the silver source beats three jets. The shield is crowned with a crown of the established sample and is surrounded by the ribbon of the Order of the Patriotic War, I-st ​​degree ” ^[33] .

Kislovodsk, which is one of the resort cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, is often called the “city of the Sun and Narzan”, due to the unique climate and sources of mineral water. Therefore, images of the golden sun and a silver bowl from which jets of narzan are beaten are placed in the shield field ^[33] .

The five-prong golden tower crown, crowning the shield, indicates the status of the city district. The 1st degree order of World War I ribbons that remind you that Kislovodsk is the only Kavminvod resort town that was awarded this merit award for Kislovodsk citizens in treating and restoring the health of soldiers of the Soviet Army during the Great Patriotic War ^[33] .

The flag is a rectangular blue cloth with a yellow sun at the center with alternating straight and flaming rays, below which is a white cup from which it beats a source of three white jets ^[33] .

The symbolism of the resort town of Kislovodsk was developed by Alexander Ivanovich Pluzhnikov , an associate professor at the Southern Federal University , a member of the Union of Designers of Russia, a member of the Union of Artists of Russia ^[35] .

City

As of January 1, 2018, in terms of population, the city was in 129th place out of 1,113 ^[71] cities of the Russian Federation ^[72] .

National composition

As of 2010 ^[73] :

Kislovodsk is a municipal entity within the Stavropol Territory with the status of an urban district . Its official name is the resort city of Kislovodsk .

The main part of the economy of Kislovodsk is the resort sector. In Kislovodsk there are more than 40 resorts and hotels. Half of the population is involved in the service of tourists coming to Kislovodsk for rest and treatment.

Resort base

Medical profile

For Kislovodsk resort, which has carbonated mineral waters, climate and landscape, typical for middle mountains, diseases are shown in accordance with the main profiles of the resort:

• circulatory system diseases - conditions after rheumatic endomyocarditis
• myocarditis (6-8 months after the exacerbation of the disease) in the absence of activity of the process, with circulatory insufficiency no higher than I degree or not, without adverse prognostic cardiac rhythm, which include polytopic, frequent, group early extrasystoles, paroxysmal cardiac disorders rhythm, atrial fibrillation, etc., as well as violations of the functions of conductivity (atrioventricular block is above I degree)
• heart defects - mitral valve insufficiency
• combined mitral heart disease with a predominance of mitral valve insufficiency
• state after commissurotomy (not earlier than 6-8 months after surgery) without signs of rheumatic activity, in the absence of insufficiency and with insufficient blood circulation not higher than I degree, in the absence of prognostically unfavorable cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances (atrioventricular block higher than I degree, dvukhpuchkovoy blockade in His bundle system)
• ischemic heart disease with rare strokes (I — II functional classes), without prognostically unfavorable cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances, with circulatory failure not higher than I degree
• hypertension of the I — II stages
• hypotonic disease
• diseases of the nervous system - neuroses with a primary violation of the function of the cardiovascular system
• cerebral atherosclerosis without cerebral circulatory disorders, as well as 3-4 months or more after transient light and moderate cerebral circulatory disorders
• non-specific diseases of the respiratory system outside the period of exacerbation, with pulmonary vascular insufficiency not higher than I degree.

Mineral water

We find the first official description of the Kislovodsk sources in the notes of the physician physician Peter I of Gotlib Schober of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, which mentioned a “fair sour spring” in the Pyatigorsk region. “It is a pity that Russia is so poorly disposed of the gifts of nature. Millions of liters of healing water are poured out here, and Russians travel to Europe, ”wrote P.S. Pallas , a member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences, who in 1773 gave the first detailed description of the source Narzan.

All Kislovodsk narzans are related to each other and contain almost the same chemical elements, albeit in different proportions. They differ in the degree of saturation of gases and total mineralization.

The well-known source of water Narzan , which initiated the resort, hydrocarbonate-sulphate calcium-magnesium, the total water salinity is 1.8 g / l, and the carbon dioxide content - up to 1.0 g / l, temperature 12 ° C. The main narzan is used mainly for outdoor procedures.

The Narzans of the Kumskoye field previously entered the Kislovodsk from the Abaza settlement of Krasny Vostok to Kislovodsk via a narzan pipeline with a length of 45 km. It was the world's longest transporter of mineral water. In undiluted form are used for drinking purposes, and when mixed with the waters of the central Kislovodsk and Berezovsky sources - for balneotherapy.

The waters of Dolomitic narzan are more saline (about 5.0 g / l), including due to an increase in the concentration of sodium and chlorine ions, and a high content of carbon dioxide (more than 2.0 g / l). They are used for medicinal drinking purposes and brought to the pump-rooms of the Narzan Gallery, the Round-room pump-room, to the new pump-room on Prospekt Mira. The successful combination of chemical elements that saturate dolomite narzans with high carbon dioxide saturation allows dolomite narzans to be used for drinking cure and bottling. Dolomite narzan improves metabolism, increases urination and excretion of waste products from the body.

Waters of sulphate narzan with mineralization of 5.2-6.7 g / l, mainly due to the higher concentration of magnesium and sodium sulphates. It has a high carbon dioxide content of up to 2 g / l, sulphates, the presence of active iron up to 15 mg / l, as well as trace elements (boron, zinc, manganese and strontium). The presence of small amounts of arsenic is of considerable therapeutic value. All these qualities make sulfate narzans especially valuable waters for drinking cure. Sulfate narzan increases gastric secretion, improves digestion, improves liver biliary function, reduces bloating, and regulates the bowels ^[74] .

Equipped mineral springs and pump rooms

• Byuvet Zhelyabovsky - st. Kirov, 3 (st. Zhelyabova)
• New (round) pump room - Kurortny Boulevard (corner of Vokzalnaya st.)
• Narzan Gallery - Kurortny Boulevard, 19

Some sanatoriums are equipped with their own drinking well.

Resort Park

The area of ​​the Kislovodsk resort park according to the results of surveying conducted in 2009 is 948 hectares ^[75] . For comparison, the largest city park in the UK ( Richmond Park ) has an area of ​​955 hectares, the park area of the Palace of Versailles is 800 hectares.

In June 2016, a resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation was adopted “On the creation of the Kislovodsky National Park” ^[76] .

Sanatoriums

Production

Banks

The city has a railway station Kislovodsk , the final on a dead-end branch from Mineralnye Vody . The city is connected by motor roads with the cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and the resorts of Dombay and Teberda . A highway is being built to the south towards the new ski resort in the Elbrus region. The nearest airport, Mineralnye Vody, is located about 60 km from Kislovodsk near Mineralnye Vody .

City transport is represented by 32 internal routes of minibuses and fixed-route taxis (Gazelle), as well as taxis. Suburban routes allow you to reach neighboring villages, other cities of Kavminvod and the region’s largest market “Lyudmila” - the Pyatigorsk region, as well as see the surrounding sights. Bus station Kislovodsk, located outside the city, is going through hard times.

The tram system of Kislovodsk , which existed in the years 1904-1966, was used for the delivery of finished products (narzan in bottles) from the narzan plant to the freight station. This is the only example in Russia and the Soviet Union that a tram line is used exclusively for the carriage of goods ^[95] . The route from Depot Comintern (previously St. Emirovskaya) on the street. Resort Boulevard (formerly Topolivaya Alley or Stalin Avenue).

The peculiar way of transport can be attributed to the cable car , which is located in the resort park and connects the Middle Park (the lower station is the Temple of Air pavilion) and the Mountain Park (the upper station is the Olympic Complex ). The cable car belongs to the “pendulum type” and contains two cars with a capacity of 25 people each. The length of the road is 1743 meters ^[96] . The whole car travels in about 7 minutes.

Since 1961, Kislovodsk Airport of local importance, located directly on the border with the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, operated. Because of the small runway and the proximity of the mountain ranges, only small aircraft flew around the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia ^[97] .

Corded Telephone, ADSL, ETTH

Stavropol branch of Rostelecom

2G / 3G / 4G Cellular

MegaFon , Beeline , MTS , Yota .

Education

Healthcare

Religion

Russian Orthodox Church

• Kislovodsk Prosperous District of the Pyatigorsk and Circassian Diocese
• St. Nicholas Cathedral
• Holy Cross Church - Pedestrian Street., 30
• The Church of St. Panteleimon the Healer in Rebrovaya Beam was built at the beginning of the 20th century (including at the expense of F. I. Chaliapin);
  demolished (razed to the ground) in 1965. ^[156]
  Consecrated on December 19, 2018 ^{[157] [158]} .
• Holy Trinity Seraphim monastery - on the slopes of Dzhinal ( State Farm )

Armenian Apostolic Church

• Church Surb Vardan Mamikonyan - st. Kutuzov 125

Protestantism

• Church of Evangelical Christian Baptists - st. School, 25
• Seventh Day Adventist Church - st. Fomenko, 13

Islam

• Cathedral Mosque - st. Koltsova, 3

Libraries

• The centralized library system ^[159] , which includes two central libraries - the city and children’s (Krasnoarmeyskaya st., 2) and nine branch libraries
• Resort Library (Zhelyabova St., 8)

Theaters

• North Caucasian State Academic Philharmonic named after V. I. Safonov ^[160]
• Hall of Organ Music (in the State Philharmonic)
• Theater-Museum "Grace" (unusual presentation of the only one in Russia Wine Theater). Opened on October 6, 1991. ^[21]
• Kislovodsk State Circus named after G.M. Trachtenberg

Cinemas

• Cinema "Soyuz"
• Kislovodsk office for renting movies. It was opened on August 27, 1936 as the Kislovodsk office “Glavkinonoprokat” ^[21]

Museums, cultural centers

• House of Culture
• Exhibition Hall ^[161]
• Literary and Musical Museum "Chaliapin's Cottage".
• Memorial manor museum of the artist N. A. Yaroshenko
• Information and Cultural Center "Museum of A. I. Solzhenitsyn " in Kislovodsk (a branch of the State Literary Museum ) - Borodinsky Lane, 3. Here, in the house of his aunt M. Z. Gorina, the future lived in 1920-1924 writer. ^[162]
• The exhibition "History of Kislovodsk resort", the exhibition which tells about the formation and development of the resort of Kislovodsk. It was opened on January 29, 1956. ^[21]
• The interactive museum of the Kislovodsk National Park , which opened in its visitor center at the end of 2018 and is located on an area of ​​800 square meters, presents installations for getting acquainted with the history of the park, its landscape, architecture, flora and fauna ^[163] .
• Dolphinarium
• Circus

Festivals

• In May 2007, the Golden Knight international film festival was held in Kislovodsk.
• Since 1991, the Chalyapin Dacha Literary and Musical Museum has been holding the Chaliapin Seasons annually. The closing of the 22nd Shalyapinsky season was held on July 14, 2012 and was dedicated to the memory of Marina Fedorovna , the daughter of Chaliapin , who died on this day in 2009 in Rome at the 98th year of her life.

Кисловодский парк играет большую роль в подготовке спортсменов со всей России и стран СНГ к различным соревнованиям, в том числе и к Олимпийским играм. Климат Кисловодска, насыщенный кислородом воздух, перепад высот на терренкурах парка поднимает тонус и придаёт всплеск энергии спортсменам перед соревнованиями. В самом сердце парка — у Долины Роз был возведён открытый плавательный бассейн, один из крупнейших в регионе (в настоящее время не функционирует). Кроме того, к Московской Олимпиаде-80, на Джинальском хребте был построен Олимпийский комплекс для подготовки спортсменов СССР к Олимпиаде. Использовался он для этих целей и в дальнейшем. На проспекте Победы, в географическом центре города, для подготовки олимпийцев был построен стадион, ещё один небольшой плавательный бассейн (крытый) и общежитие. В начале 1990-х годов, комплекс был передан структурам ВВС РФ, что позволило его сохранить. В марте 2011 года на базе Олимпийского комплекса Министерством спорта, туризма и молодёжной политики Российской Федерации создан Филиал Федерального Государственного Унитарного Предприятия «Юг Спорт» — единственная спортивная учебно-тренировочная база России, расположенная на среднегорье на высоте 1242 метра над уровнем моря. В Кисловодске круглогодично проходят тренировочные сборы спортсмены со всей страны и ближнего зарубежья.

• Football club " Narzan " ^[164]

Newspapers

Radio stations ^[167]

Also works

Analog TV ^[167]

Digital terrestrial tv

Reception is conducted from the repeater on the Borgustan ridge in the tract "Wide". Coverage area - the entire resort town of Kislovodsk, Nezhinsky, Mirny.

Military unit No. 73411 ^[168] ( FSO , communications troops ) is located in Kislovodsk.

In Kislovodsk, 126 monuments of history and culture (including 14 monuments of federal significance) and 3 historical and cultural complexes are under state protection.

Monuments

Monuments of monumental art

• Memorable cross on Mount Krestova. Installed A.F. Rebrov June 15, 1848 in honor of the 50th anniversary of the first holiday season on the Sour Waters. Restored and solemnly consecrated on September 12, 1998 ^[26]
• Monument to the heroes of the civil war. 1927 ^[169] .

• Monument to F.E. Dzerzhinsky. 1957 ^[170] .
• Monument to V.I. Lenin ^[171]

• Monument "Cranes". 1970 ^[172] .
• Bas-relief of V.I. Lenin, 1927, p. Andreev N. A., arch. Eskov P.P., sk. Ingal V. And ^[173] .
• Monument to the investigator of the Kislovodsk Cheka Xenia Ge. 1957 ^[174] .
• Monument to the first chairman of the Kislovodsk Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies. 1957 ^[175] .
• Bust M. Yu. Lermontov , 1950 ^[176] .
• Monument to G. K. Ordzhonikidze, 1952, arch. Brasburg J. Yu., Ck. Neroda G. V ^[177] .
• Monument to V.I. Lenin, 1957 ^[178] .
• Monument to the Hero of the Soviet Union G. A. Arustamov . 1967 ^[179] .
• Monument to M. Gorky , 1947 ^[180] .
• Monument N. A. Semashko. 1949 ^[181] .
• Monument to Zander F. A. 1959, arch. Dyumin V.P., sk. Manuilov A. A ^[182] .
• Monument to Lenin V.I. 1954 ^[183] .
• Monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker on Kurortny Boulevard, 2016, the author of the project is Salavat Shcherbakov ^[184] .
• Monument to A.I. Solzhenitsyn on Shalyapin Street, 2018, the author of the sculptural composition is Zurab Tsereteli ^[185] .

Monuments of history

• Monument of Eternal Glory. 1970 ^[186] .
• The grave of F. A. Zander (1887–1933), an interplanetary flight enthusiast ^[187]
• Cottage "Kars"; Here colleagues of V.I. Lenin rested and were treated, beginning. 20 in ^[188] .
• Rebrov's House ("House of Princess Mary" based on the novel " Hero of Our Time "). 1828-1841, arch. Bernardazzi D., arch. Bernardazzi I. (At present, only a part of the wooden walls has been preserved from the house. No restoration works are carried out.) ^[189]
• Monument to the realist artist Yaroshenko N. A. ^[190]
• The house where the council of workers and soldiers' deputies was located ^[191]
• Mass grave of 322 civilians who were shot by the Nazi invaders. 1942.1949 ^[192] .
• The grave of the artist N. A. Yaroshenko (1847-1899). 1912 (monument), art. Bryullov P. A., art. Dubovsky L. N., Foundry master Moran A., pp. Posen L. B ^[193] .
• Monument to the Soviet soldier who died during the Great Patriotic War. 1949 ^[194] .
• Monument to the Komsomol M. L. Kardash. 1967 ^[195] .
• The memorial museum-estate of the artist N. A. Yaroshenko ^{[196] [197]} . Included: residential house ^[198] , residential house ^[199] , the house in which he lived in the years 1892-1898. ("White Villa") ^[200] , wings (two) ^[201] , kitchen ^[202]
• Mass grave of 175 Red Army men, an obelisk is installed. 1919–1920, 1967 ^[203] .
• The grave of Sergeant Gold, who died in the fight against the Nazis. 1942.1967 ^[204] .
• Monument to military pilots who defended the sky of the Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (architect I. M. Fridental). Opened November 6, 1971. ^[21]

Architectural monuments

• The building of the state museum. until 1917 ^[205] .
• The building of the resort clinic. 1918 ^[206] .
• Architectural monument ^[207]
• Hotel "New State". 1902 - 1903 ^[208] .
• Mansion M. Gorina (Shcherbak) , where A. I. Solzhenitsyn was . The 1910s ^[209] . Now the literary museum of the writer.
• Pedestrian Bridge ^[210]
• The building of the railway station. 1895 ^[211] . According to other sources - May 1, 1894 ^[212]
• Cottage "Retvizan" ^[213]
• Architectural monument ^[214]
• Hotel "Scala"; here the White Guards killed 29 Red Army soldiers. 1908 - 1918 ^[215] .
• Mansion of the merchant Kalinkin. 1905 - 1980 ^[216] .
• The main building of the sanatorium "Red stones". 1935, author of the project M. Merzhanov ^[217] .
• House residential Ataturova. 1910 ^[218] .
• House Montasheva. The 1900s ^[219] .
• Sanatorium ensemble (2 buildings) ^[220]
• Cottage "Turgenevka". beginning 20 in ^[221] .
• Villa "Elbrus". 1906 ^[222] .
• Architectural monument ^[223]
• Sanatorium Ensemble ^[224]
• The ensemble of the sanatorium. 1939 ^[225] .
• The building where 29 Red Kislovodsk citizens died at the hands of the White Guards ^[226]
• Cascade stairs. 1936 ^[227] .. Read more
• Mansion Tarasov. beginning 20 in ^[228] .
• Mansion Evangulova. beginning 20 in ^[229] .
• Cottage number 2 of the sanatorium "Red Stones". 1907 ^[230] .
• Manor city. 1890s - 1900s ^[231] .
• Mansion "Dacha Grace" ^[232]
• Outhouse. The 1900s ^[233] .
• Outhouse. The 1890s ^[234] .
• Mansion. 1917 ^[235] .
• Cottage Putiata. 1910 ^[236] .
• Mansion with interior trim. 1910 ^[237] .
• Cottage-pension "Mtsyri" ^[238]
• Architectural monument. 1938, arch. Ginzburg M. I ^[239] .
• Kurzal 1895 ^[240] .
• Building Kursal. 1895 ^[241] .
• Musical shell. 1895 ^[242] .
• North Bridge. 1895 ^[243] .
• Western staircase. 1895 ^[244] .
• Kurzal Society of the Vladikavkaz Railway. 1895, early 20th century, arch. Descubeses, arch. Thomas ^[245]
• Kurzal 1895, early 20th century, arch. Descubeses, arch. Thomas ^[246]
• Western staircase. 1895, early 20th century, arch. Descubeses, arch. Thomas ^[247]
• Pedestrian bridge. 1895, early 20th century, arch. Descubeses, arch. Thomas ^[248]
• The north bridge. 1895, early 20th century, arch. Descubeses, arch. Thomas ^[249]
• Musical shell. 1895, early 20th century, arch. Descubeses, arch. Thomas ^[250]
• Footbridge "Ladies Caprice". hach.xx b ^[251] .
• The source of the source "Narzan" "Zhelyabovsky". 1960 ^[252] .
• The house is profitable. 1902 ^[253] .
• Sanatorium "Kislovodsk" - the main building. 1934, arch. Merzhanov M. And ^[254] .
• Narzan Gallery. 1848-1858, arch. Upton S. And ^[255] .. Read more
• Mansion Silnikova. 1907 ^[256] .
• Fortress (remnants of the Russian fortress). 1850-1856, arch. Upton S. And ^[257] .. Read more
• Goal. 1850-1856, arch. Upton S. I ^[258] .
• House officers. 1850-1856, arch. Upton S. I ^[259] .
• Western barracks. 1850-1856, arch. Upton S.I., 1887 ^[260] .
• Southern barracks. 1850-1856, arch. Upton S. I ^[261] .
• Wall and tower. 1850-1856, arch. Upton S. I ^[262] .
• Rabbi House beginning 20 in ^[263] .
• Hotel “Grand Hotel” (1902) by architect A. Klepinin ^[264] .
• The complex of main narzan baths (1903) by architect A. Klepinin ^[265] .
• The building of the October Narzan baths. 1928 ^[266] .
• Pump room source "Fungus". 1963 ^[267] .
• Pavilion "Temple of the air." 1912 ^[268] .
• Pavilion "Red Sun" ^[269]
• Pavilion Park. beginning 20 in ^[270] .
• Dacha Tvalchrelidze. Kon XIX-beg. XX centuries ^[271] .
• The main house. 1890s ^[272] .
• Outhouse. 1890s ^[273] .
• Outhouse. The 1900s ^[274] .
• Goal. 1900s ^[275] .
• Architectural monument. 1935 ^[276] .
• The building of the sanatorium them. S.M. Kirov. 1935 ^[277] .
• Architectural monument. 1936 ^[278] .
• Medical building ^[279]
• Sanatorium them. Ordzhonikidze. 1935-1937, arch. Belyakov, arch. Vakhtangov S. E., arch. Ginzburg M. Ya., Arch. Humburg Yu. N., arch. Kalinin V. V., arch. Polyudov P.S., arch. Popov EM, arch. Rappoport, TB, 1951 ^[280] .
• Garage. 1935-1937 ^[281] .
• The case is administrative. 1935-1937 ^[282] .
• Building number 1. 1935-1937, arch. Vakhtangov S. E., arch. Rappoport T. B ^[283] .
• Building number 2. 1935-1937, arch. Humburg Yu. N., arch. Popov E. M ^[284] .
• Case number 3 ("Nut"). 1935-1937, arch. Ginzburg M. Ya., Arch. P. Polyudov S. ^[285] .
• Economic buildings (two). 1951 ^[286] .
• Kitchen-blank. 1935-1937, arch. Belyakov, arch. Kalinin V. In ^[287] .
• The staircase is home. 1935-1937 ^[288] .
• Pavilion Park. 1951 ^[289] .
• Laundry ^[290]
• Mansion Mansion. The 1900s ^[291] .
• Pavilion "Glass Jet". 1897 ^[292] .
• Colonnade. 1912 ^[293] .. Read more
• Hotel. 1910 ^[294] .
• Architectural monument. con 19th century - beg. 20 in ^[295] .
• Cottage "Eagle's Nest" ^[296]
• Resort Park. 1823, gray. 19th century, early 20 in ^[297] .
• Circus building. 1973 ^[298] .
• The building of the house of communication. 1971 ^[299] .
• Cinema "Russia". 1970 ^[300] .
• Architectural monument. 1954, arch. Alkhoz A. M ^[301] .
• Mansion ^[302]
• Cottage Budagova. 1910 ^[303] .
• Architectural Monument ^[304]
• Cottage Petrik. beginning 20 in ^[305] .
• "Safonov House" (hotel "Park"). 1880 ^[306] .
• Milashevsky mansion. 1908 ^[307] .
• Mansion. 1905 ^[308] .
• Ensemble. 1900s ^[309] .
• Mansion. The 1900s ^[310] .
• Fence with a gate. The 1900s ^[311] .
• Manor. The 1900s ^[312] .
• The main house. 1908 ^[313] .
• Outhouse. 1910 ^[314] .
• Fence with a gate. 1910 ^[315] .
• Cottage mukhtarova. 1897 ^[316] .
• Cottage Aleksandrova G.V., Kulakova, Mukhtarova. hach.xx b ^[317] .
• Ensemble. The 1900s ^[318] .
• Mansion. The 1900s ^[319] .
• Fence with a gate. The 1900s ^[320] .
• The estate of the architect N. N. Semenov. 1900s ^[321] .
• Castle treachery and love. X — XI century ^[322] .. Read more
• Cottage "Svetlana". the beginning of the 20th century ^[323] .
• Dacha Ushakov. 1902-1903, art. Korovin K.A., art. Roerich N. K ^[324] .
• Chalepin Fyodor Ivanovich's Cottage, where he rested from 1897 to 1917 (residential house). 1902-1903, art. Korovin K.A., art. N. N. Roerich ^[325] .. Read more
• Outhouse. 1902-1903, art. Korovin K.A., art. Roerich N. K ^[326] .
• Pension (sanatorium "Cossack Hill"). The 1890s ^[327] .
• Residential housing (pension). 1905 ^[328] .
• Cottage Dondukova-Korsakov. Kon XIX-beg. XX centuries ^[329] .
• Pension Ganeshina C ^[330] .
• Pension Taneshina. 1905 ^[331] .
• Residential housing (pension). 1907 ^[332] .
• Ganeshyn House ^[333]

Attractions

• Narzan Gallery . Built in 1848-1858 by architects S. Upton and J. Francois in neo-gothic style . Place of walks and reception of narzan. It contains the “Boiling Well” (the source of the Narzan), drinking well-rooms, a resort library with a reading room.

• An interesting architectural structure is the building of the main Narzan baths in Indo-Saracen style . It contours of its floors and wings as it repeats the outlines of the neighboring mountain spurs. Since the terrain to the north decreases, the northern wing had to be raised through a rather high basement, which necessitated the construction of a staircase. The architect put a ladder to the north wing with elegant railing. A memorial plaque reminds of the author and the time of construction: “Designed and built by engineer A. N. Klepinin . 1901-1903. The building is an architectural monument of federal significance ^[334] .

• A semi-circular structure with two tiers of Corinthian columns. The colonnade symbolizes the entrance to the resort park of Kislovodsk. The roof of the lower floor, fenced with a balustrade , was to serve as a platform for a summer restaurant. A colonnade was erected in 1912 according to the project of architect N. N. Semenov, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the victory over Napoleon. All kinds of wooden buildings, closed halls, kitchen, utility rooms, stairs hid the noble appearance of the colonnade. In 1948, all the excess was removed, and the colonnade became the main entrance to the resort park.

• The oldest part of the city is represented by the Kislovodsk fortress . From this fortress began the city and the resort of Kislovodsk. The remains of the Kislovodsk fortress - the gate, part of the wall with loopholes, corner tower - dates back to the middle of the XIX century. The first fortress on the same place, built in 1809, was a rather primitive fortification, surrounded by a rampart and a moat. Later, stone buildings appear inside: a powder magazine, barracks, guest houses. During the governorship of M. S. Vorontsov, in the middle of the XIX century, the fortress was rebuilt. Kislovodsk fortress was a model of Russian art of fortification. Now here is the Kislovodsk Regional Museum of Local Lore "Fortress" ^[335] (Mira Avenue, 11). The exhibition halls of the museum "Fortress" are located on the street. Zhukovsky, 12.

• The cascade staircase (1934–1935) is made of local building material — dolomitic limestone (in 1970, the abraded steps and the pavements of the sites were replaced with concrete). The authors of the Cascade Ladder project, architects L. S. Zalesskaya and K. A. Shevchenko, successfully entered the structure into the relief. From the second platform, the staircase diverges on both sides of the round ponds with fountains. Two semicircular staircases cover the round pool of the uppermost fountain and lead to the observation deck.
• A famous place in the city is the house where he lived in the years 1897-1917. F.I. Chaliapin . The house belonged to Semyonov, but in the city it is called the “Chaliapin cottage” . The building was built in the years 1902-1904. and represents a significant sample of modern style . The house has preserved the original interiors with paintings by K. Korovin and fireplaces according to N. Roerich ’s sketches of artistic value. Now the building houses the Chaliapin Museum (1 Chaliapin Street) ^[336]
• The architectural monument of the end of the 19th century is the Philharmonic Hall building (the curse hall of the society of the Vladikavkaz Railway , it is [now] the hall named after V.I. Safonov - 1, K. Marx St.). On the pediment of the eastern facade of the Philharmonic building, facing the station, the date of construction is noticeable - 1895. The design of the kurzal (as the building was called before the revolution) was developed by the architects EI Deskubes and Thomas. The relatively narrow windows, their framing, the asymmetry of parts of the building, a solid basement resemble the style of French Neo-Renaissance . This style is also manifested in the design of the lobby, the large hall - an abundance of stucco: wreaths, ornaments, cupids. Busts of Mozart , Beethoven , Glinka and other composers are installed in the rounded niches above the doors of the hall. Next to the Great and Small Halls (they have a large hall of the State Philharmonic Hall [the oldest symphony orchestra in the country] and a theater [named after A. M. Gorky?] For 1000 seats) there is a Museum of Theater and Musical Culture in the Caucasian Mineral Waters.
• A pavilion with a falling steady flow of water is visible on a wide area next to the Mirror Pond . The pavilion was conceived in a single plan with an artificial pond dug in loose sediments on dolomite plates in 1897. The fact that this was confirmed was the metal brackets with the date 1897 soldered to the forged rings. The brackets supported the sheds, on which in the summer they stretched the striped awnings. In the arched openings at the top are now inserted colored glass, and in the evening, the illuminated stained glass windows look very elegant. The name “Glass Stream” is associated with the special arrangement of the tray under the floor of the pavilion - it is absolutely smooth, clean, and therefore the water running down from the Mirror Pond falls from a metal ledge with a wide, steady stream resembling a sheet of glass. Both the “Mirror Pond” and the “Glass Stream” are fed by the same source, and in winter and in summer the water temperature is always 7 degrees Celsius.

• The castle of treachery and love on the river Alikonovka outside the city limits looms in the bizarre form of rocks. They got their poetic name thanks to the legend. The girl refused to jump from the cliff after her lover, so that her father could not marry her unloved.

• Honey waterfalls are located 5-7 km from the cliff "Castle of deceit and love" and disrupted from a height of 18 meters. Past waterfalls laid paths through the rapids and cliffs. Against the waterfalls rises a huge rock "Pointer", like the prow of a ship. Honey waterfalls were formed as a result of the eruption of rocks in the gorge of Alikonovka. Options for the origin of the names are different.
• 3 km from Kislovodsk, in the gorge of the Olkhovka River, the Lermontovskaya rock rises, on which the duel of Pechorin and Grushnitsky occurred in the work of M. Yu. Lermontov “ Hero of Our Time ”. A fancy rock consists of sandstones and limestones. At its top is a small platform, which ends in a cliff. The rock is also interesting as an archaeological monument. In its district, found remnants of settlements and burials of the VIII century. BC er - VIII century. n er
• From the summit of Lermontovskoy cliffs can be seen from the southern slope of “Devil's grottoes” - deep cracks in the opposite cliff. If you go higher along the gorge, along the river, then just opposite the beginning of Lermontovsky waterfall in the rocks you can see several dome-shaped caves resonating to strictly defined tones of the human voice.
• Lermontovsky waterfall on the river. Olkhovka about 3 meters high. It is probably this waterfall that M. Yu. Lermontov described in the story “Princess Mary” as the place where Pechorin watered his horse after a walk to the Ring-mountain .
• Museum of the History of Cosmonautics. F. A. Zander on the street. Ozernoy (City Park Kio, central alley. Currently, the museum is destroyed, the attractions are also dismantled, the territory and buildings of the park for a long time (12 years) are in ruins).
• Cottage M. F. Kshesinskaya - st. Sophie Petrovskaya (Lenin Ave.).

Around

Attractions in the vicinity of the city, including outside the region :

• The valley of the river Podkumok. In the I millennium n. er The valley of the Podkumok River was the northern branch of the Great Silk Road and a place of lively trade. In the burials around Kislovodsk (20 km and more) there are Roman-Black Sea and Chinese objects: expensive fabrics, beads, pendants and other archaeological values.
  Gumbashi Pass , Mariinsky horizon (2,200 m; the town of Gumbashi is 2313 m near it) - headwaters Podkumka, Karachay highway on the road to Teberda , Dombay . The watershed of the Black and Caspian Seas (Rocky Range). Circular panorama of the wonderful views of the Main Range of the Greater Caucasus.
• Ring Mountain , Darya Heights of Borgustan (1209 above sea level , a relay tower, also places for walks on balloons) and Alan Fortress . - a ring with a diameter of more than 8 meters, formed by the wind in the rocky spur of the Borgustan range north of Kislovodsk. Mount Ring is described in the novel “The Hero of Our Time ” by Lermontov :

“Three versts from Kislovodsk, in the gorge where Podkumok flows, there is a rock called the Ring; it is a gate formed by nature; they rise on a high hill, and the setting sun through them casts its last fiery glance at the world. ”

In the side gorge outside the village of Mirny there is a key of mineral water. Independently it is best to climb from the Karachayevsky highway to the mountain along this gorge (in a kind of serpentine).

• Monakhov and Grandma's caves are located in the upper tier of the limestone rocks of the Borgustan ridge, above the Podkumsky railway bridge at the entrance to the city.
  You can also ascend the Daryinsky heights of Borgustan from the north side, after traveling by electric train to the Podkumok platform (or by bus). Here - to the west (north-west) climb the paths (to the left of Verkhnepodkumsky) to the highest point (1018 m), opposite the mountain Kaban . From here, a beautiful view of Beshtau . Then you can go about 9 km to the Ring-mountain and go down in the area with. Peaceful.

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  Kislovodsk in the fall (view from the mountain Small Sedlo )

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  St. Nicholas Cathedral

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  Monument to military doctors and doctors of the Great Patriotic War hospitals

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  Crocodile Sculpture in the Valley of Roses

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  Red Stones (top view)

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  Red Stones (bottom view)

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  Resort Boulevard

On June 3, 2019, the Bank of Russia issued a commemorative silver coin with a nominal value of 3 rubles " Major Narzan Baths , the City of Kislovodsk" of the series "Architectural Monuments of Russia" ^[337] .

The list of people with the title "Honorary Citizen of the city of Kislovodsk" ^[338] :

• Klepinin, Andrei Nikolaevich (1871-1954) - a former architect at the Directorate of Caucasian Mineral Waters, then an architect of the city of Kislovodsk (1899-1907), according to the designs of which the Main Narzan baths were built in Kislovodsk, private mansions that became the decoration of the city ^[21] .
• Yaroshenko Nikolai Alexandrovich (1846–1898, Kislovodsk) - Russian painter and portrait painter.
• Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky (1908–2004) - cardiac surgeon, academician, Minister of Health of the USSR, lived and worked in Kislovodsk.
• Rebinder Peter Aleksandrovich (1898-1972) - an outstanding Soviet scientist chemist and physicist, academician, Hero of Socialist Labor, State Prize Winner, creator of the famous Molotov cocktail and metal ceramics, discovered the effect of lowering the hardness of bodies, called the “Rehinder effect”.
• Selskiy, Vladimir Aleksandrovich (1883-1954) - a Soviet geologist, worked in Kislovodsk in a gymnasium as a teacher of chemistry.
• Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich (1918, Kislovodsk - 2008) - Russian writer, journalist, poet, public and political figure, Nobel Prize winner.
• Matvienko Valentina Ivanovna (1949) - Chairman of the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation ^[339]

Kislovodsk has 8 sister cities :

• Kislovodsk (station)
• Project: Cities of Russia / Lists of Streets / Kislovodsk
• Submarine K-447 "Kislovodsk"
• Narzan
• List of monuments of cultural heritage of Kislovodsk on Wikigid