Pozdnyakov, Nikolay Sergeevich

Nikolai Sergeevich Pozdnyakov was born on December 4 (16), 1875 in Blagoveshchensk. From the fifth grade of the gymnasium he worked part time as a tutoring. In the summer of 1893, a graduate of the gymnasium became a tutor in the family of a wealthy Tambov factory owner. Accompanying his pupil, he went to Switzerland , where he entered the University of Zurich at the Faculty of Natural Sciences .

After admission, he lost his tutor's place, worked in a factory, then on a farm, and only then returned to tutoring. Well-paid lessons gave him the opportunity in 1897 to complete his studies at the university.

After graduating from the University of Zurich, he got a job teaching Russian at a commercial school in Zurich , where he worked from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 he moved to France , where he also taught Russian at an educational institution in Ville-Saint-Germain until 1909.

In 1909 he returned to Russia and entered the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University , which he graduated in 1916. He was fond of poetry, in 1913 he published a collection of his poems “Flying Over Thoughts”. In 1916-1918 he served in the army, after returning to Moscow.

In Moscow, meets S.T. Shatsky , who, together with like-minded people, sought to give the children of the poor the opportunity to receive an education. Together they organized a club in Moscow, as well as a Vigorous Life colony in the Kaluga province , later renamed the 1st Experimental and Demonstration Station for Public Education of the People's Commissariat for Education, in which Nikolai Sergeyevich taught Russian language and literature since 1919 and also helped create a local history museum in the village of Belkino .

The development of new forms and teaching methods led N.S. Pozdnyakova for activities related to the training of primary school teachers. At the experimental school in Losinoostrovsk , at the Pokrovsky factory, at the Central Pedagogical Laboratory and the Central Research Institute of Schools, he taught Russian language and its teaching methodology. By the mid-1920s, he became a popular methodologist in Moscow and the region, and then the country. Since 1926, he has been teaching Russian at the Rabfak them. Artem of the Moscow Mining Academy .

In the years 1926-1932. participated in all commissions of the People's Commissariat for Education related to the creation of programs and textbooks on the Russian language, spoke at teacher training courses, was a member of many commissions on public education, took part in the development of new programs and its methodology for students of pedagogical colleges. In the 1920s and 30s, he was actively engaged in research work and continued to print his methodological manuals.

In 1940 - Associate Professor of the State Pedagogical Institute. Liebknecht . In 1942 he moved to work at the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. Lenin , where he received the title of professor. In the late 1940s, in collaboration with M.N. Peterson and E.Ya. Fortunatova compiled special spelling tables with guidelines for them for the first, second, third, and fourth grades of elementary school, as well as trial textbooks on the Russian language (1947) ^[1] .

For many years since the pre-war time, he taught the Russian language methodology course at MIFLI and Moscow State University . He was a professor in the department of teaching Russian language at the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute named after Lenin and retired at the age of 85, but nevertheless continued to act as an opponent in defense of dissertations, and completed his last study at the age of 98. Until a very old age, he kept a clear mind and a deep interest in everything that was connected with the life of the school. He died in Moscow on March 1, 1974, before he reached the age of just a little over a year. He was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery .

Scientific activity began as early as the 1920s, when N.S. Pozdnyakov publishes the works “Place for cheating in spelling training”, “On the issue of measures to combat illiteracy” (1926), “How to correct spelling errors” and “Methods of teaching grammar” (1928). All his works were deprived of stereotypes, were clear and intelligible ^[2] . In total, over many years of teaching, he wrote hundreds of articles, his works even after 50-60 years after their writing did not lose their methodological value ^[3] .

He investigated the problems of two areas of the methodology of teaching the Russian language: school and university. Particular attention was paid to the issue of developing spelling skills among schoolchildren in the initial period of learning the Russian language. The creator of the textbook "Methods of teaching spelling in elementary school." He is the author of a textbook on the methodology of teaching the Russian language, which has passed through three editions, “Methodology of Teaching the Russian Language: A Textbook for Pedagogical Universities,” which provides recommendations on teaching not only Russian grammar, but also spelling and punctuation.

His great-granddaughter Tatyana Pozdnyakova believes that the official biography of N.S. Pozdnyakova was falsified, in particular, the date and place of birth were incorrectly indicated. According to her, he was born on December 5, 1885 in the city ​​of Spassk in the Tambov province , about which entry No. 117 was made in the book of the Cathedral Church of the city of Spassk: “a doctor, a personal nobleman, Sergei Nikolaevich Pozdnyakov and his legal wife Lidia Vasilyeva, son Nikolai Born on December 5, baptized on December 11 by the priest John Yastrebov with the psalmist Peter Kazan. The receivers were Spassky notary Peter Ivanovich Alekseev and from the nobility the damsel Maria Dmitrievna Kashninskaya ”: TsIAM F.418. Op. 323. D.1569. L.7. Case of the Chancellery for Student Affairs of the Imperial Moscow University: Nikolay Sergeyevich Pozdnyakov ^[4] .