Mustafa Fahmi Pasha

Turk by origin. Born on the island of Crete in the family of a military man, a native of Algeria . His father, Colonel Hussein Effendi, settled in Egypt in 1830 and died during the Crimean War . He was brought up in the family of a relative, director of the Department of Public Works. After graduating from the military academy ^[1] , he served in the Egyptian army and rose to the rank of lieutenant general .

After being dismissed from the armed forces of Egypt, he held governorships in various Egyptian provinces, including Minufiy , Cairo and Port Said . Prefect of the Cairo Police in 1876.

In 1879, he took the chair of the Minister of Public Works. After that, he worked in various ministerial positions: he was Minister of Foreign Affairs (1879–1882), Minister of Justice (1882), Minister of Finance (1884–1887), Minister of Internal Affairs (three times, 1887–1888, 1891–1893 and 1895–1908) , as well as twice the Minister of War of Egypt (1887–1891 and 1894–1895).

For the first time he was appointed prime minister on May 12, 1891, replacing Riyad Pasha at that post. In January 1893, Hedive Abbas II Hilmi relieved him of his post.

The second time, Mustafa Fahmi Pasha received the post of head of government in November 1895, replacing Nubar Pasha . He was in the chair until November 1908, becoming the longest-running prime minister in the history of modern Egypt, in a situation where the influence of British advisers weighed much more than the power of individual Egyptian ministers.

Among his most important achievements was the creation of a police academy in 1896, the conclusion of an agreement between Great Britain and Egypt on joint control of Sudan in 1899. Under him, the National Bank of Egypt was created (in 1898).

The period of premiership of Mustafa Fahmi Pasha fell on the de facto British occupation and protectorate , the separation of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire, the ongoing attempts of European powers to influence or control the country, as well as the rivalry of France and England for dominance in Egypt ^[2] .

The husband of his daughter Safia was Saad Zaglul , Egyptian Prime Minister in 1924.

• Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George

• Biography (ar.)