The Outer Hebrides is a chain of islands consisting of more than 100 islands (of which 15 are inhabited) and a multitude of skerries , located about 70 km west of mainland Scotland . This archipelago is also known as the "Western Isles" ( eng. Western Isles ) , and earlier also as the Long Island ( Gelsk. An t-Eilean Fada ) one]
The largest island of Scotland - Lewis and Harris , it is the third largest among the British Isles after Great Britain and Ireland [2] . It consists of two parts: Lewis in the north and Harris in the south; They are connected by a jumper, but they are often called separate islands [3] . The largest settlement on this island and on all Outer Hebrides is Stornoway .
In the south of Garrisov Strait lie the North and South Wista and Benbecula , between which mounds with roads were created in the 1940–1960s to facilitate transportation [4] . To the south is the island of Barra and a , the southernmost of which is called . Several islands of Scotland are not part of the archipelago, but are closely linked with them culturally: these are the abandoned islands of St. Kilda [5] ; Sulisker and Rona to the north; the remote Rockall , located 367 km west of North Uist [6] .
The Outer Hebrides are separated from the Inner Strait by the North Minch in the north and the Hebrides Sea in the south. The outer Hebrides are controlled by ; as of 2011, there were 27,684 people [7] . On these islands for many centuries the strong position of the Gaelic language . Despite the fact that he is losing ground, in 2011 the census revealed that more than half (52.3%) of the population of the Outer Hebrides owns the Geot [7] . Economically, this region is focused on tourism, residents own small estates, are engaged in fishing and weaving, including the manufacture of . The islands of the archipelago are blowing strong winds and washing tidal waves, so many lighthouses have been installed there to aid navigation [8] .
In this article, the islands are understood as “land, usually surrounded by water, but not necessarily always at the time of low water , with the exception of the embankments connecting the islands” [Approx. 2] .
Content
Habitable Islands
The total population living in inhabited Outer Hebrides in 2011 was 27,684 people [7] .
The names of the highest peaks of the islands are borrowed from the Scottish Gaelic and Old Norse languages, since both of these cultures historically played an important role in the archipelago. However, there are almost no archaeological finds from the times of the Vikings ( Middle Ages ); the only exception is chess from Lewis Island .
All inhabited islands are connected to at least one neighboring inhabited island. Benbecula , North Grimsey, North and South Uist connect North Ford mounds ( North Ford , Gaelic. Oitir Mhòr ) , South Ford ( English South Ford ) . and connected by bridges to Lewis and Harris, respectively; and connected to North Uist, Eriskei - to the south, , and the southern Grimsey - to Benbecula, and Waters - to Barra [4] [9] [10] .
| Island name | Group [Approx. 3] | Area, ha [11] | Population [12] | Highest point [13] | Height (m) [Approx. four] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balesher ( eng. Baleshare , Gael. Am Baile Sear ) | Wista and Benbecula | 910 | 58 | 12 | |
| Barra ( English Barra , Gelsk. Barraigh ) | Barra | 5875 | 1174 | 383 | |
| Benbecula ( Eng. Benbecula , Gael. Beinn nam Fadhla ) | Wista and Benbecula | 8203 | 1303 | Ruaval ( English Ruaval ) | 124 |
| Bernarey ( English Berneray , Gaelic. Beàrnaraigh ) | Wista and Benbecula | 1010 | 138 | Ben-Kleve ( Gaelic. Beinn Shleibhe ) | 93 |
| Eriskei ( eng. Eriskay , Gael. Irisgeigh ) | Wista and Benbecula | 703 | 143 | Ben-Skeen ( eng. Ben Scrien , Gelsk. Beinn Sgrithean ) | 185 |
| ( English Flodda , Gelsk. Flodaigh ) | Wista and Benbecula | 145 | 7 | 20 | |
| Fruh-Ilan ( English Fraoch-eilean , Gelsk. Fraoch-eilean ) | Wista and Benbecula | 55 [14] | 0? [Approx. five] | Crocmore ( Gaelic. Cnoc Mor ) | eleven |
| ( eng. Great Bernera , Gaelic. Beàrnaraigh Mòr ) | Lewis ( ) | 2122 | 252 | 87 | |
| (northern) [Approx. 6] ( eng. Grimsay , Gaelic. Griomasaigh ) | Wista and Benbecula | 833 | 169 | 22 | |
| (southern) ( eng. Grimsay , Gaelic. Griomasaigh ) | Wista and Benbecula | 117 | 20 | 20 | |
| Lewis and Harris ( English Lewis and Harris , Gaelic. Leòdhas agus na Hearadh ) [3] | Lewis and Harris | 217,898 | 21 031 | 799 | |
| North Uist ( English North Uist , Gaelic. Uibhist a Tuath ) | Wista and Benbecula | 30 305 | 1254 | Ival ( English Eaval , Gaelic. Eabhal ) | 347 |
| Scalpay ( English Scalpay , Gelsk. Sgalpaigh na Hearadh ) | Harris | 653 | 291 | Ben Skorovek ( Gaelic. Beinn Scorabhaig ) | 104 |
| South Uist ( eng. South Uist , Gaelic. Uibhist a Deas ) | Wista and Benbecula | 32 026 | 1754 | ( Gaelic. Beinn Mhòr ) | 620 |
| Vatersay ( English Vatersay , Gael. Bhatarsaigh ) | Barra | 960 | 90 | Hyeshel-Mor ( Gaelic. Theiseabhal Mòr ) | 190 |
, Kisimul and are listed in the registers as habitable, but at the time of the 2001 and / or 2011 censuses there was no permanent population.
Comments
- ↑ Murray (1973) also states that the Outer Hebrides have been called the “Western Isles” since 1918, when the parliamentary district was created, which literally means the Western Islands. Also “Western” is called all the Hebrides. In the same source, it is noted that in the books this archipelago is sometimes referred to as Gneiss Islands. [one]
- ↑ There are other definitions; for example, the General Registry Office of Scotland defines the island differently: “a mass of land, separate from the Scottish mainland”, but they separate the islands that are connected by mounds. Haswell-Smith (2004) uses a stricter definition: "It is not a permanent method of dry access." By this definition, all islands connected by mounds with the mainland are part of it.
- ↑ The inhabited islands can be divided into those that surround Lewis and Harris, Wista and Benbecula, and Barra.
- Or Ordnance Survey maps indicate the highest point above sea level, but sometimes this is not true [10]
- ↑ There are photographic evidence that the island is inhabited: "Houses on Seana Bhaile" Geograph, the name of the main settlement is also known: Shenavale (Seana Bhaile). However, neither the census nor Haswell-Smith (2004) mention this island; apparently its population is included in Grimsey.
- There are two inhabited islands with the name Grimsey (Grimsay, Griomasaigh ), connected with the Benbecula embankment: one in the north (57.495933, -7.250905), the second in the southeast (57.405714, -7.277968).
Notes
- ↑ Murray (1973) p. 32.
- ↑ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 262.
- ↑ 1 2 Thompson (1968) p. 13.
- ↑ 1 2 John MacLeod. Fleet Histories . Caledonian MacBrayne. The appeal date is March 19, 2018.
- ↑ Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 313–331 identifies them in the chapter Section 9: The Atlantic Outliers.
- ↑ Admiralty Maps NE Atlantic (1) Reykjanes Ridge & Rockall Plateau. Chart C6566 . (2009) Imray, Laurie, Norie & Wilson. St Ives.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Area Profiles (English) . National Records of Scotland (2011). The appeal date is March 19, 2018.
- ↑ Lighthouse Library (English) . The appeal date is July 14, 2007. Archived September 18, 2009.
- ↑ Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 205-253.
- ↑ 1 2 Get-a-map . Ordnance survey . Retrieved 1-15 August 2009.
- ↑ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 206
- Rec National Records of Scotland Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: Scottland - Release 1C (Part Two) (pdf) "Appendix 2: Scotland's Populated Cities". Retrieved August 17, 2013.
- ↑ Haswell-Smith (2004) and Ordnance Survey maps . The absence of data means their absence in the source.
- R "Rick Livingstone's Tables of the Scotland Islands" (pdf) Argyll Yacht Charters. Retrieved 12 Dec 2011.
Literature
- Armit, Ian (1998) Scotland's Hidden History . Tempus (in association with Historic Scotland). ISBN 0-7486-6067-4
- Haswell-Smith, Hamish. (2004) The Scottish Islands . Edinburgh. Canongate ISBN 1-84195-454-3
- Hunter, James (2000) Scotland . Edinburgh. Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-376-4
- Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003) Ainmean-àite / Placenames . (pdf) Pàrlamaid na h-Alba . Retrieved August 26, 2012.
- Maclean, Charles (1977) Island on the Edge of the World Kilda . Edinburgh. Canongate ISBN 0-903937-41-7
- . OS Maps Online . The appeal date is August 21, 2013.
- (1973) The Islands of Western Scotland. London Eyre Methuen. ISBN 0-413-30380-2
- Thompson, Francis (1968) Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides . Newton Abbot. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-4260-6