Marianne North ( born Marianne North ; October 24, 1830 - August 30, 1890) is an English traveler and artist , known for her botanical illustrations and landscapes, as well as the discoveries of new plant species.
| Marianna north | |
|---|---|
| Marianne north | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | |
| Occupation | , , , , |
| Father | |
Content
Early years and education
Marianne was born into a family of prosperous landowners. Her parents came from noble English families [6] . She was the eldest of three children.
Marianna took vocal lessons and wanted to become a singer, Charlotte Helene Dolby was involved in her studies. However, then the voice of North changed and no longer allowed her to sing, then she took up drawing [6] .
Marianna received little traditional education, but her family was rich and cultural, so Marianna was familiar with famous artists and botanists. One of her family’s acquaintances was the famous botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker [7] , director of the Royal Botanical Gardens.
In 1847, her family began a trip to Europe, which lasted three years and during which Marianne studied botany, music and drawing [8] . In the same trip, she painted her first landscapes.
After the death of her mother in 1855, Marianne became the mistress of family estates in Gastinks and London. She continued to draw and be interested in botany, considered it her hobby and never considered it as a career, because at that time rich women were not allowed to work [7] . Marianne traveled a lot around the world with her father, and after his death she decided to continue traveling to draw exotic plants and landscapes [7] .
Travel, discoveries and work
After the death of her father, North traveled around the world alone, which was very unusual for a woman of that time. In her biography, she wrote that she preferred the company to "less civilized and more interesting people." Describing her travels, North did not pay much attention to the difficult conditions in which she had to live, and usually described them with a few words [7] . In search of botanical samples, Marianna visited such corners of countries that could not be reached by transport [8] .
She managed to visit dozens of countries, including Japan, the United States, Canada, India, African countries. During one of her trips to Brazil, North painted about 100 paintings while living in a jungle hut. And during a trip to India, Marianna painted over 200 paintings [7] . In 1875, her two-year round-the-world journey began [6] .
On the island of Borneo, Marianne discovered the largest known carnivorous plant. This is the first plant that was named in her honor - Nepenthes northiana. After that, she discovered several other plants (including trees), some of which were also named in her honor. [9]
Heritage
Marianna painted not only flowers, but also animals, insects and landscapes. Her paintings were popular with contemporaries, as they gave people ideas about faraway countries. Many plants that portrayed North were still little studied in her time, so her illustrations became part of important botanical works [10] [9] . However, how accurately and in detail North depicted plants in an era when photography was not yet available makes her work valuable for modern scientists [9] . Several plants were named after Marianna, including Areca northiana, Crinum northianum, Kniphofia northiana, Nepenthes northiana, as well as a whole plant species - Northia [11] [10] .
North's works were made with oil; she used white paper fortified with a thicker cardboard base as the base [12] . During the artist's life, her paintings were exhibited in the museums of Britain, and a special art gallery was built for them in the Royal Botanic Garden of Kew [7] . Currently, the gallery has 832 works North, which presents about 1,000 species of plants. The paintings remained in the same places where the artist placed them during her life [13] .
On September 26, 2016, a documentary film dedicated to the life of Marianna North, called “The Forgotten Queen of Q” [14] ( Royal Q Botanical Gardens ) was released at the Air Force.
Gallery
Marianna North Art Gallery
Olearia argophylla '
Rajputs
"Flowers and fruits of Mangosteen"
Taj Mahal
Fort
"Thismia neptunis"
"The eternal snow of Santiago"
"View from the island"
Landscape
"Santiago from Apokindo"
Landscape, India
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- 02 Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science - 1902.
- ↑ FemBio
- ↑ RKDartists
- ↑ Benezit Dictionary of Artists - 2006. - ISBN 978-0-19-977378-7 , 978-0-19-989991-3
- ↑ 1 2 3 North, Marianne // 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. - T. Volume 19 .
- 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 A Vision of Eden: The Life and Work of Marianne North. - Rinehard and Winston ,, 1980 ..
- ↑ 1 2 Marianne North Facts (English) . biography.yourdictionary.com. The appeal date is March 20, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Women and Science . Darwin Correspondence Project (March 30, 2013). The appeal date is March 20, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Notable Women Scientists. - Gale Group, 2000.
- ↑ Riley, Glenda, 1938-. Women and nature: saving the "Wild" West . - Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999. - xviii, 279 pages p. - ISBN 0803289758 .
- Anya Tanya Millard, Emma Le Cornu, Rachael Smith, Eleanor Hasler, Helen Cowdy. The Journal of the Institute of Conservation. - 2011-09-01. - T. 34 , no. 2 - p . 159–172 . - ISSN 1945-5224 . - DOI : 10.1080 / 19455224.2011.608341 .
- ↑ Marianne North Gallery - Studio Museums - Watts Gallery . artiststudiomuseum.org. The appeal date is March 20, 2018.
- ↑ O'Donovan, Gerard . Kew's Forgotten Queen: Emilia Foxes look at adventure Marianne North: review (eng.) , The Telegraph (September 26, 2016). The appeal date is March 20, 2018.