Sophia Hayden (born Sophia Hayden, October 17, 1868 - February 3, 1953) - an American architect and first woman [3] who had completed four years of architecture studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology [4] [5] [6]
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Childhood and Education
Sophia Hayden was born in Santiago . Her mother was Chilean and her father was American. Sophia had a sister and two brothers [7] . At six, she was sent to Boston, [8] where she lived with her grandparents after her father and attended school. In high school, Sofia began to show an interest in architecture. After Sofia received her education, she and her family moved to Richmond , but she soon returned to Boston to go to college. She graduated from college with honors in 1890, receiving a degree in architecture [3] .
After graduating, Hayden could not find her first job as an architect's apprentice because she was a woman, so she got a job as a drawing teacher in one of the Boston schools [4] .
Career
Most of all, Hayden is known for having designed the so-called “Women's building” for the Universal Exposition in 1892 [9] , and also because she designed her first building when she was 21 [4] .
She took her student project “Museum of Fine Arts”, a two-story building with a rather complex structure of arches, columns, terraces and many other classical elements, as the basis of the “Women's building”. At the World's Fair, Haydn won the first of thirteen places allocated to female architects [3] . She received $ 1,000 for her project, while male architects received $ 10,000 each for similar projects [6] [10] .
During the construction of the "Women's building", the building plan, designed by Hayden, was constantly violated. Changes required to make a committee on construction, headed by secular diva Berta Palmer. As a result, Sofia was dismissed by a committee from her own project and the building was completed without it [4] [11] . However, in this conflict, Hayden was supported by her fellow architects. Despite the open support and sympathy from many architects, her disappointment and discontent with the arbitrariness was accepted by society as a woman’s inability to manage construction. But in the end both sides reconciled and her building was awarded for "Delicacy of style, architectural taste, kindness and elegance of the interior." After this incident, Hayden never again worked as a lead architect [4] . However, in 1894, she designed a memorial for a women's club in the United States, which was never built afterwards [7] . After her departure from architecture, Sophia continued to practice art, lived a quiet life with her husband and stepdaughter, and died in 1953 of pneumonia after suffering a stroke [4] [7] .
In popular culture
In one of the episodes of the series “ Out of Time ”, Katherine Cunningham plays it.
Publications
- "Abstract of Thesis: Sophia G. Hayden, 1890" Technology Architectural Review 3
- "The Woman's Building" by Rand McNally and Chicago: Rand McNally, 1893.
Notes
- Cyc Encyclopædia Britannica - Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. , 1768. - T. 22. - ISBN 978-1-59339-292-5
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 3 Sarah Allaback. The First American Women Architects. - University of Illinois Press. - p. 94–96. - ISBN 978-0-252-03321-6 ..
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Joan Marter. The Grove encyclopedia of American art .. - Oxford University Press. - ISBN 0-19-533579-1 ..
- "Sophia Hayden Bennett (1868-1953)" (Not available link) . MIT Museum Online Gallery. From Louis Sullivan to SOM: Boston Grads Go to Chicago. . Archived May 27, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Moore Booker, Margaret. "Hayden (Bennett), Sophia (Gregoria)" // Grove Art Online. - 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Hayden, Dolores. Notable American Women: The Modern Period. - Cambridge: Harvard University Press. - ISBN 978-0-674-62734-5 ..
- ↑ Boumenot, Diane. Remembering Sophia Hayden Bennett, Part 1 .
- ↑ World's Columbian Exhibition, at Chicago, 1492-1893-1892 .
- ↑ International Archive of Women in Architecture (Biographical Database) .. - Virginia: University Libraries.
- ↑ Beasley, Soodie. Women in Design: Sophia Hayden (1868-1953) // Soodie Beasley.