Romanenko, Yuri Viktorovich

Born in the Buzuluk district in Koltubanovsky in the family of a military sailor. He graduated from high school number 23 in Kaliningrad, after which he worked as a concrete worker, locksmith, and in 1962 he entered the Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots ^[3] .

After graduating from a military school, he was left with honors as an instructor.

He received the post of astronaut in the cosmonaut squad on July 6, 1972 , and before that, on April 27, 1970, he was in the position of listener-cosmonaut.

The Guinness Book of Records for 1998, Yuri Romanenko recognized as the most experienced space traveler, as for 3 flights he spent in space 430 days 18 h 20 min ^[4] .

The son of cosmonaut Roman Yurievich Romanenko followed in his father's footsteps.

First space flight

He made in 1977 on a spaceship Soyuz-26 as the commander of the ship to the Salyut-6 orbital station, together with Georgy Mikhailovich Grechko . During this flight, he performed one spacewalk lasting 1 hour 28 minutes. Return to Earth took place on the descent module of the Soyuz-27 spacecraft. The total flight duration was 96 days 10 hours and 7 seconds.

After the successful completion of the flight on March 16, 1978 , for his courage and heroism, he was awarded a military rank - colonel , honorary title Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Gold Star medal and the award of the Order of Lenin , honorary title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR and assigned the class " Cosmonaut 3rd class. " Also this year he was awarded the honorary title “Hero of the USSR”. In this flight, the astronauts were the first to celebrate the New Year in space ^[5] . In honor of this flight, Grechko and Romanenko, one of the streets of the city of Severodvinsk was named the street of Soviet cosmonauts .

Second Space Flight

Occurred from September 18 to September 26, 1980 . In this flight, Yuri Viktorovich was the commander of the Soyuz-38 spacecraft and the Soviet-Cuban expedition to visit the Salyut-6 orbital station, along with Cuban astronaut-researcher Arnaldo Tamayo Mendes . This flight lasted 7 days 20 hours 43 minutes 24 seconds.

After the successful completion of the flight on September 26, 1980, he became twice a Hero of the Soviet Union, was awarded the second Golden Star medal and was awarded the second Order of Lenin , and on September 30 he was awarded the class "Pilot-Cosmonaut of Class 2". Also this year he was awarded the honorary title “Hero of the Republic of Cuba”.

Third Flight

Occurred from February 5 to December 29, 1987 . Yuri Viktorovich in this flight was the commander of the main expedition to the Mir orbital complex. The space flight to the complex took place on the Soyuz TM-2 spaceship, together with flight engineer Alexander Ivanovich Laveikin , they worked with him in orbit until July, and then Alexander Pavlovich Alexandrov, who arrived with the expedition to visit the Union TM-3, replaced Laveykina. This was the first partial replacement of the main crew of the orbital station in the history of astronautics. During the flight, he made three spacewalks with a total duration of 8 hours 48 minutes. They returned to Earth on the descent module of the Soyuz TM-3 spacecraft together with A.P. Aleksandrov and A.S. Levchenko , who arrived at the station on Soyuz TM-4 . The total flight duration was 326 days 11 hours 37 minutes 59 seconds.

Upon completion of the flight on December 29, 1987 he was awarded the Third Order of Lenin , and on December 30 he was awarded the class "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the 1st Class". Also this year, he was awarded the honorary title “Hero of the Syrian Arab Republic”.

He was expelled from the cosmonaut squad on October 11, 1988 in connection with the transition to managerial work.

State awards of the USSR and the Russian Federation

• Two Gold Star medals of the Hero of the Soviet Union (March 16, 1978 and September 26, 1980);
• three orders of Lenin (March 16, 1978, September 26, 1980 and December 29, 1987);
• Order of the Red Star (1976);
• Medal "For Merits in Space Exploration" ( April 12, 2011 ) - for great merits in the field of research, development and use of outer space, many years of conscientious work, active social activity ^[6] ;
• ten anniversary medals;

Foreign Awards

• Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (03.16.1978);
• Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Republic of Cuba (1980);
• Order of Clement Gottwald (Czechoslovakia, 03.16.1978);
• Order of Playa Chiron (Cuba, 1980);
• Order "People's Republic of Bulgaria" I degree (1979);
• Medal “30th anniversary of the Air Force of the Republic of Cuba” (1986);
• the medal "100th anniversary of the fall of the Ottoman yoke" ( NRB );
• Medal "For Strengthening Friendship in Arms" I degree ( Czechoslovakia );
• Order "Madara Horseman" I degree ( Bulgaria , 2008);
• Hero of the Syrian Arab Republic.

Awards of subjects of the Russian Federation

• the badge of honor “For Merit to Taimyr” (Decree No. 525 of December 9, 2005) ^[7] .

• Soyuz-26
• Soyuz-38
• Soyuz TM-2

• Cosmonaut Yuri Romanenko . Video Encyclopedia "Cosmonauts". Roscosmos television studio .
• Space Encyclopedia .
• Romanenko // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
• Official site of the administration of Baikonur. Honorary citizens of the city .
• Romanenko, Yuri Viktorovich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".