Ash macrourus [1] , or ash longtail [2] [3] , or gray longtail [2] ( lat. Coryphaenoides cinereus ) is a species of marine ray-fin fish from the family of long - tailed squad- like order. Distributed in the North Pacific .
| Ash Macrourus |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Squadron : | Paracanthopterygii |
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| International scientific name |
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Coryphaenoides cinereus ( Gilbert , 1896) |
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Content
The body is elongated, tapering to the tail to a thin thread, covered with small easily falling cycloid scales , each scale with 3-10 parallel ridged rows of sharp spines. From the middle of the base of the first dorsal fin to the lateral line of 8 rows of scales. The head is large, its length is 17-25% of the body length. The head is completely covered with scales, with the exception of the front edge and lower part of the snout, interorbital space, gill covers and gular plate. The snout is short and pointed, with a wide, prickly scutellum on its top. The snout protrudes above the lower jaw; its length is equal to the interorbital space. The chin antenna is very small, its length is 2-8% of the length of the head. The teeth on both jaws are small, bristle-shaped, arranged in several rows, not enlarged in the outer rows. In the gill membrane 6 rays. On the inner side of the first branchial arch 9-13 branchial stamens . The eye is large; its diameter is 25β34% of the length of the head [4] [3] .
The first dorsal fin is tall with a short base and with two prickly rays, one of which is difficult to distinguish, and the second is well developed and has serrated edges. In the first dorsal fin, 10-12 soft rays. The distance between the first and second dorsal fin is small, 15β22% of the length of the head. The second dorsal and anal fins are long and low, extending to the caudal part of the body. In the second dorsal fin there are 122 soft rays, and in the anal 94 soft rays. The length of the pectoral fins is 64-93% of the length of the head, and the length of the ventral fins is-62--12% of the length of the head. In the pectoral fins there are 18-23 soft rays. The ventral fins with 8-10 rays are located on the abdomen under the pectoral fins, the first ray is significantly elongated. The caudal fin is absent. The belly is short. The anus is located just before the start of the anal fin. Short pyloric appendages 5-7 [4] .
The maximum body length is 66 cm, usually about 45 cm, body weight - up to 550 g [5] .
Deep sea fish . They live in the bottom layers of water at a depth of 150 to 3500 m, usually 500-1200 m, at a temperature of 0 Β° C to 4 Β° C; also found in the water column. In the spring they are distributed over a wider range of depths. Pelagic juveniles, and only at the age of 2-3 years with a body length of more than 25 cm sinks to the bottom [6] [5] . The maximum life expectancy of 13 years [7] .
Reproduction
They mature for the first time at the age of 3 years with a body length of 28 cm, 50% of individuals become sexually mature with a body length of more than 32 cm. They spawn year-round, with a maximum in winter and spring at a temperature of 1.9β9.5 Β° Π‘. Fertility varies from 3.4 to 17.4 thousand eggs. Pelagic caviar [3] [6] .
Nutrition
The diet of adults includes both pelagic and benthic organisms: polychaetes , amphipods , squid , octopus , shrimp , and fish ( miktofovye and batilagovye ) [3] .
Distributed in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean from the Pacific coast of Honshu Island, in the Sea of ββOkhotsk , along the Kuril Islands and the western coast of Kamchatka to the Navarino Canyon, along the Commander and Aleutian Islands and further south along the coast of Alaska , Canada , the western US states to Oregon [6] .
Specialized fishing is not conducted. Caught in by- catch in the fishery of other macrourids. Caught by bottom and deep trawls. Stocks are underutilized. Due to their small size, they are practically not used for food purposes. May go to the production of fishmeal. For food purposes, liver and caviar can be used [3] .
- β Parin N.V., Evseenko S.L., Vasilyeva E.D. Fishes of the seas of Russia: annotated catalog. - Collection of works of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. - M .: Partnership of scientific publications of KMK, 2014. - V. 53. - S. 166. - 733 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-87317-967-1 .
- β 1 2 Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. Pentate-linguistic dictionary of animal names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 202. - 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- β 1 2 3 4 5 Commercial fish of Russia. In two volumes / Ed. O.F. Gritsenko, A.N. Kotlyar and B.N. Kotenev. - M .: publishing house of VNIRO, 2006. - T. 1. - S. 352-353. - 656 p. - ISBN 5-85382-229-2 .
- β 1 2 Cohen, 1990 , p. 207-208.
- β 1 2 Coryphaenoides cinereus (English) in the FishBase database. (Retrieved March 10, 2018)
- β 1 2 3 Tokranov A.M., Orlov A.M., Sheiko B.A. Commercial fish of the continental slope of the Kamchatka waters . - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Kamchatpress Publishing House, 2005. - S. 26-27. - 52 p., Ill. 12 sec - ISBN 5-9610-0022-2 .
- β Orlov A.M., Abramov A.A., Tokranov A.M. Some features of the biology of the small-eyed Albatrossia pectoralis and ashy Coryphaenoides cinereus macruses in the Pacific waters of the northern Kuril Islands and Southeast Kamchatka // Preservation of the biodiversity of Kamchatka and the surrounding seas: Reports VII International Scientific Conference November 28β29, 2006 / Res. Editor Tokranov A. M .. - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Kamchatpress, 2007. - P. 120-148 . - ISBN 978-5-9610-0081-8 .
- Cohen, DM; Inada.T .; Iwamoto, T .; Scialabba, N. FAO species catalog. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalog of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. - FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No. 125. - Rome, 1990. - Vol. 10. - 442 p. - ISBN 92-5-102890-7 .
