Ganga-Yamuna Tahzib ( Hindustani : गंगा जमुनी तहज़ीब, گنگا جمنی تھذیب, Ganga - Yamuna culture) is a term used for the culture of the central plain of North India , especially the Doab region, from the Ganges and the Yamuna River . Tahzib, translated from Urdu, means “etiquette” is a culture that is seen as a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim elements. [1] [2]
The Indian poet Kabir is one of the best examples of the Ganga-Yamuna Tahzib philosophy;
| Devanagari | Nastalik | Translit | Transfer |
|---|---|---|---|
| जपे कोई रहीम रहीम कोई जपे है राम दास कबीर है प्रेम पुजारी दोनों परनाम को | کوئی جپے رحیم رحیم کوئی جپے ہے رام داس کبیر ہے پریم پجاری دونو پرنام کو | Koi jape rahim rahim Koi jape hai ram Das kabir hai prem pujari Dono ko parnaam | Pray Oh! Gracious, merciful Some sing Oh! Frame! Kabir worshiping true love Greets them both |
The Avadah region in Uttar Pradesh is generally considered the center of this culture. [3] Allahabad , Lucknow , Kanpur , [4] [5] Faizabad - Ayodhya , [6] [7] and Varanasi ( Benares ) [8] [9] are the centers of this culture.
Delhi has historically been an example of the Ganges-Yamuna Tahzib; with its famous dialect Khariboli , being one of the centers of the birth of the Urdu language, which was written by poets such as Amir Khusrow , Galib , Zauk, Daag Dehlevi, Nida Fazli and many others. Delhi also formed special music in this style, Kavwali and formed the musical tradition of Delhi Gharana.
Hyderabad , the capital of Andhra Pradesh in southern and central India, is also an example of shared harmony. [10] [11]
Nawabs of Auda were the inspirers of this culture. [12]
In classical Indian music, an outstanding representative of this culture was a Shekhnai performer - Ustad Bismilla Khan, a Muslim who lived in one of the centers of Hinduism - Benares .
References
- ↑ Steven Wesley Ramey, Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: contested practices and identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and beyond , Macmillan, 2008, ISBN 978-0-230-60832-0 , < https://books.google.com/ books? id = BqUV3v57R0QC >
- ↑ Socialist Party (India), Janata, Volume 62 , < https://books.google.com/books?id=Ig1DAAAAYAAJ >
- ↑ Malika Mohammada, The foundations of the composite culture in India , Aakar Books, 2007, ISBN 978-81-89833-18-3 , < https://books.google.com/books?id=dwzbYvQszf4C >
- ↑ Festival has origin in city's composite culture , TNN , 13 May 2009, 06.52am IST
- ↑ Karbala revisited Archived November 11, 2013 at Wayback Machine , Express News Service , Saturday, February 12, 2005
- ↑ Plaint Of Ayodhya , The Financial Express , Sunday, 22 Aug 2004 at 0000 hrs IST
- ↑ Twin towns welcome verdict with humility, grace , Deccan Chronicle , 1 October 2010
- ↑ An apt reflection of Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb , Naveen Kumar, TNN , 25 Sep 2009, 10.09pm IST
- ↑ Stories behind the masks , Shailaja Tripathi, NEW DELHI, 4 November 2010, The Hindu
- ↑ Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb helps maintain peace
- ↑ Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb: Temple serving Iftar Dates to 5 Mosques in Hyderabad
- ↑ Descendants of Nawabs keep Holi traditions alive , The Indian Express , Tue 10 March 2009, 15:35 hrs