Nanchang Uprising ( Chinese trad. 南昌 起義 , ex. 南昌 起义 , pinyin : Nánchāng Qǐyì ) - an armed uprising of the revolutionary units of the Kuomintang army in the city of Nanchang , organized by the Communist Party of China on August 1, 1927 in response to the counter-revolutionary coup of Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek . It was supported by labor squads and peasant self-defense units.
| Nanchang uprising | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Wang Zhenhua Nanchang Uprising. 1977 | |||
| date of | August 1, 1927 | ||
| A place | Nanchang , Republic of China | ||
| Cause | deepening disagreements between the CCP and the Kuomintang | ||
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The uprising was attended by more than 20 thousand soldiers and unit officers led by Zhou Enlai , Zhu De , Ne Rongzhen , Ye Jianin , Lin Biao , Chen Yi , Liu Bocheng , He Luna and E Ting . The direct leadership of the uprising was carried out by the Front Committee of the uprising (secretary - Zhou Enlai). The general headquarters of the uprising occupied the five-story building of the Jiangxi Grand Hotel in the middle of Zhongshanlu Street.
Early in the morning of August 1, insurgent units attacked Nanchang from different directions. The rebels disarmed the Kuomintang garrison of Nanchang [1] . The Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee ( Chin. 中國 國民黨 革命 委員會 ) was created, which included 17 communists (Zhou Enlai, Zhang Gotao , Li Lysan , Tan Pingshan , Zhu De, He Long , Lin Boqiu , Wu Yuzhang , Ne Rongzhen , Guo Mojo and others) and 8 left Kuomintang. Liu Bocheng became the chief of staff, Zhao Shushi , chief of the political department of the staff, and Mikhail Kumanin , military adviser. The revolutionary committee issued a declaration of loyalty to the precepts of Sun Yat-sen and the task of creating a new revolutionary base in Guangdong province and preparing a new Northern campaign to fight the "new militarists."
To suppress the uprising, large forces of regular troops were drawn up to Nanchang. On August 3-5, 1927, the insurgent units (about 15 thousand people, commander He Lung, chief of staff Liu Bocheng) left Nanchang and moved south in order to organize a revolutionary base in Guangdong. In the Chaozhu - Shantou area, the rebels intended to receive help from the USSR , and then begin the Second Northern Campaign.
In the Sanheb area, 4,000 rebels under the command of Zhu De remained to cover the main forces, and most advanced south along the Hanjiang River to Chaozhu – Shantou.
After a 50-day march through eastern Jiangxi and western Fujian on September 29-30 in the Shantou region , the rebel forces were attacked by the superior forces of the Kuomintang party . Possessing false intelligence about revolutionary actions in the city, where by that time large enemy forces had been concentrated, the main forces of the rebels were defeated. Some of the rebels (about 1,000 fighters led by Ye Ting ) made their way into the territory of the Hailufeng Republic , another (about 2,000 fighters under the command of Zhu De and 8,000 peasant rebels from southern Hunan who joined them) arrived in the Jingang Mountains in April 1928 , where, combined with the detachment of Mao Zedong , formed the 4th corps of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army . Therefore , August 1, 1927 is celebrated in China as the birthday of the People’s Liberation Army of China ( PLA ).
On October 1, 1959, the Nanchang Uprising Museum on August 1 was officially opened at the former headquarters of the uprising. [2]
In 1956, the Order of the First of August was established in China - in memory of the Nanchang Uprising.
Historical Significance
The uprising was the first armed uprising of the Chinese Communists against the Kuomintang [1] . It marked the beginning of the creation of the Red Army of China - the armed forces of the Chinese Communists. In the history of China, the uprising is described as a heroic stage in the beginning of the armed struggle against the Kuomintang. Subsequently, all the main leaders of the uprising (except for Zhou Enlai and E Tina, who had died by then) received the rank of Marshal of the PRC .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Line of adaptive radio communications - Objective air defense / [under the total. ed. N.V. Ogarkova ]. - M .: Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR , 1978. - S. 486-487. - ( Soviet military encyclopedia : [in 8 vols.]; 1976-1980, vol. 5).
- ↑ Museum of Nanchang Uprising August 1 received nearly 15 million visitors
Literature
- Nanchang Uprising 1927 - TSB
- Nanchang Uprising // Adaptive Radio Communication Line - Objective Air Defense / [under the general. ed. N.V. Ogarkova ]. - M .: Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR , 1978. - ( Soviet Military Encyclopedia : [in 8 vols.]; 1976-1980, vol. 5).
- Zhu Ming My father is Zhu Dae. Beijing, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 2006