"Shortage" is the story of the Russian writer Yuri Koval about the escape from the farm of a young arctic fox named Napoleon the Third. One of the most famous works of the writer. The magazine version was published in the magazine " Bonfire " in 1974 , a separate edition of the story was published in 1975 . The story was repeatedly reprinted separately and as part of collections, translated into several foreign languages. According to the story, a feature film was shot, a radio play was staged, a filmstrip was released.
| Undershot | |
|---|---|
 Cover of the first edition (1975) | |
| Genre | story |
| Author | Yuri Koval |
| Original language | Russian |
| Date of first publication | 1975 |
| Publishing house | Children's literature |
The story is dedicated to Bella Akhmadulina . Arseny Tarkovsky called "Nedopeska" "one of the best books on earth" [1] [2] . Volodymyr Bondarenko , who titled his essay “Nedopesok” about Koval, wrote that “Yura Koval himself was also Nedopesk, who fled from evil and vulgarity to a pure fantastic form” [3] .
Story
The action takes place over several days on the eve of the November holidays .
Due to the oversight of the worker of the Praskovyushka’s fur farm, who accidentally left the cage open, a young Arctic fox named Napoleon the Third flees from the Mszaga fur farm on November 2, followed by the Arctic fox, number one hundred and sixteen. Animals have never been free and rush through the snowy field into the forest. The first night they spend in the old badger hole. Meanwhile, the director of the fur farm Nekrasov is trying to catch Arctic foxes, first inviting the hunter Nozdrachev, and then running the trail of the older, experienced Arctic fox Marquis. The Marquis finds the fugitives and lures them back to the fur farm, but they do not return.
Once on the highway, foxes almost fall under the car, and one hundred and sixteenth catches the driver of the truck. Napoleon, fleeing the motorcyclists chasing him, finds himself in the village of Kovylkino. There, mutts bark at him near the store, and carpenter Merinov takes him to him, deciding that this is a lost "English Spitz." Napoleon is settled in the kennel of Palma, Merinov’s dog, and in the morning Vera binds him with a rope so that he does not run away. However, when everyone leaves, the local mongrels again begin to attack the Arctic fox, and Palma protects it. The preschooler Lesha Serpokrylov, walking nearby, comes to the noise, who disperses the dog pack and leads Napoleon away. He rushes exactly north. When they run past the school, Vera Merinova sees Serpokrylov and Napoleon from the window. Outside the village, Serpokrylova is caught up by an unfamiliar man, introducing himself as Uncle Misha, who is trying to take away the arctic fox in order to make a collar for his wife from his skin. To help the preschooler comes Vera Merinova with her classmate Kolya Kalinin and drawing teacher Pavel Sergeevich. Uncle Misha runs away, and Napoleon is brought to school and put in an empty rabbit cage. Serpokrylov sets mousetraps at home and in the morning comes to feed Napoleon.
Meanwhile, the principal of the Governors' school sends a telephone message to the fur farm and finds out that the Arctic fox has escaped from there and a prize of twenty rubles has been assigned for his capture. The schoolchildren, realizing that the foxes can be taken away, do not want to give Napoleon and, while the lessons are going on, instruct Serpokrylov to hide him in the bathhouse of old Karasev. Director Nekrasov arrives at the school, who, having learned that the children do not want to give the Arctic fox out of fear that they will make a collar out of it, assures the students that no one will touch the Arctic fox and they will be able to look after him on the farm. Calmed schoolchildren tell where the arctic fox is hidden, but Serpokrylov says that the arctic fox should still be left free, because it is striving for the pole. It turns out that the fox is not in the bath, because Serpokrylov let him go. Two principals order the students to cordon off the village, but they no longer find the arctic fox.
Vera, returning home, finds Napoleon at the booth of Palma. She hesitates, not knowing what to do, but seeing that Napoleon does not seek to escape, takes him on a rope to school. Napoleon is returned to the fur farm. Director Nekrasov thanks Vera, a prize awaits her, but at the same time it’s hard on her soul. In the evening, she comes to Serpokrylov, who makes dumplings with his father on the eve of the holiday and tells Vera that Napoleon will surely run away again. The story ends with the words that exactly a month later Napoleon really ran away again: "This time he did not stay anywhere and probably reached the North Pole ."
Actors
- Napoleon the Third - a young arctic fox with platinum fur
- Praskovyushka - an employee of a fur farm
- Nekrasov (Peter Erofeevich) - Director of a fur farm
- One Hundred and Sixteenth - Arctic fox escaping with Napoleon, but quickly caught
- Marquis - arctic fox from the same fur farm
- Eagle owl - brigadier of a fur farm
- Frol Nozdrachev - hunter with a dog Davilo
- Shamov - truck driver
- Merinov - carpenter
- Mother Merinova (Klavdiya Efimovna) - the wife of a carpenter
- Vera Merinova - daughter of a carpenter, second-grader
- Palma - Merinov Dog
- Half - stool - scandalous cur
- Lyosha Serpokrylov - a preschooler
- Locksmith Serpokrylov - father of a preschooler
- Old Man Karasev
- Nefyodov - a neighbor of Karasev
- Governors - Headmaster
- Pavel Sergeevich - drawing teacher
- Belov and Bykodorov - fourth-graders-hooligans
- Kolya Kalinin - second grader
- Misha Chashin - second grader, good
- Uncle Misha
- Technician Ambarova
History
During one of the trips, Yuri Koval did visit a fur farm where Arctic foxes were kept (a photograph was kept in which the writer holds the Arctic fox in his arms). The story of this meeting was conveyed by Marina Moskvina [4] :
| “Do you know how the undersand appeared in my life?” - Koval told me. - It was in the Novgorod province. We were brought to a fur farm. There are cells - Arctic foxes are sitting in them. My friends: “Give, give Kovalya the Arctic fox!” And they gave me the Marquis. He scrambled, pulled himself out, and threw himself at the door. And the story went. Herself. I barely had time to record. |
The writer himself in an interview said that he came to visit his friend Vadim, who worked on a fur farm as a foreman. Photographer Viktor Uskov suggested photographing Koval with a fox in his arms, after which the writer released the beast to the ground [5] .
| I threw this arctic fox to the ground, he began to run, and the workers caught him. And then I asked Wade a question: “What, are the Arctic foxes running?” - “Well, they are running”. - “And why?” - “Catch.” “And how do you catch?” And the conversation started. Then I left. But somehow it all sunk into the head and began to slowly ripen, ripen. And in my head I imagined all this: what happens to the fox, how it should be. I knew the landscape for sure, knew the people very precisely, I knew these villages. And the thing turned out. |
According to the author himself, he wrote "Nedopeska" for eight years [1] . Valery Voskoboinikov recalled that when he became head of the prose department in the Leningrad children's magazine “Bonfire”, in the early days he found among the letters with refusals a letter that said: “Dear Yuri Iosifovich. Thank you for your attention to our magazine, but, unfortunately, we can’t publish your short story “Nedopesyok”, because we need works on a school-pioneer theme. " To a question to the author of the refusal why this story is not suitable for the magazine, Voskoboinikov received the answer: “Because it will attract the attention of everyone, and there are allusions! ..” Nevertheless, the story was supported by the magazine’s editor-in-chief Svyatoslav Sakharnov in 1974 It was published in "Bonfire" [6] [7] . In the same year, excerpts from the story appeared in Murzilka [8] .
In 1975, when publishing as a separate publication, however, problems arose again. According to the memoirs of Koval himself, “Nedopesok” came out very hard, one of the chief deputy editor of Detgiz, Boris Isakych Kamir, was horrified. (...) Says: Is that for preschoolers? He was told: Yes, according to the preschool edition. He was completely horrified and removed the book. Already with drawings by Kalinovsky. ” According to Camir, the book contained “solid hints,” including Konstantin Simonov (who has a hero named Serpilin, while Serpokrylov appears in the story). The word " generalissimo " in relation to the imaginary title of a preschooler was crossed out from the very beginning. Claims were also caused by the image of the runaway nonsense [1] :
| He says: Yuri Osich, I understand what you are hinting at. I say: What? .. Sincerely. I say: I do not understand what. He, of course, seeks freedom, to the North Pole. This is natural. And I, say, a freedom-loving person, He says: But you did not run away to Israel . I say: But I am not a Jew . He: How are you not a Jew? I say: So, not a Jew. |
When Koval told the story about the story about his father, Colonel Joseph Koval, he personally met with Camir and talked with him [1] , after which the book was published (with Kalinovsky’s drawings) [9] . It was reprinted in 1979 , subsequently repeatedly reprinted as a separate publication, and was included in the collections of the writer “Late evening in early spring” [10] , “Listoboy” [11] and many others.
At the end of 2018, the story was reprinted by the Publishing Project “A and B” with new illustrations by Evgenia Dvoskina and an extensive commentary compiled by literary scholars Oleg Lekmanov , Roman Leibov and publisher Ilya Bernshtein [12] .
Reviews
Shortly after the release of the book, Andrei Bitov asked her to read it from the author, who after reading it passed it to Tatyana Tarkovsky, and she - Arseny Tarkovsky, who, “after reading the book, was enraptured. He kissed me, hugged me in every possible way, touched my hand and spoke to all the on-the-cross, who did not understand anything: This is Yura Koval. He wrote Nedopeska. Do you know what a short dog is? ” [1] .
Bella Akhmadulina also enthusiastically took the story: “She went a little crazy on this basis. She even spoke in a naughty voice. That is, she had such a special voice, she says: Do you understand how I speak with you in a voice? I say: Which one? Spoken: This is the voice of insanity. " On the copy of the book, which Akhmadulina asked the author to give to Lev Oshanin ’s daughter, she wrote “I’m a short dog - it is me” [1] .
Illustrations
The chapters of Nedopeska in Murzilka were illustrated by Yu. Molokanov. In "Kostra" the story is published with drawings by Tatyana Kapustina . The first book edition came out with illustrations by Gennady Kalinovsky .
In 1994, a separate edition of the story was published with drawings by Dmitry Trubin [13] . The artist was awarded several awards for this work: a diploma of the III degree of the XXXIV All-Russian competition “The Art of the Book” [14] and an honorary diploma of the International Prize of H. K. Andersen for 1996 [15] .
Translations
In the 1970s and 1980s, the story was translated into Hungarian ( Apróka ), Danish ( Polarræv Napoleon den 3 ), Moldavian ( Puyul de vulpe ), German ( Polarfuchs Napoleon III , Der kleine Polarfuchs ), Polish ( Uciekł Napoleon Trzeci ), Ukrainian ( Under sand ), Finnish ( Napakettu Napoleon Kolmas ), Czech ( Lišák běží k severu ), Swedish ( Polarräven Napoleon III ) languages. In German, two translations of different translators came out; a number of translations were made from the German edition.
Koval himself spoke of his translations as follows [5] :
| I find it difficult to judge the adequacy of the translation. You can only judge the success of the book. No other way. I had a great translator in Germany. He translated four books, and all four were successful. The biggest one is "Nedosyok". There was such a moment when the journal “ Stern ” printed: “Who is the first of the writers?” From the Russians: “Who?” I read: Yuri Koval. Then - Leo Tolstoy . Second! |
Adaptations
In 1976, a two-part filmstrip appeared; the filmstrip artist was Grigory Soyashnikov [16] .
In 1978, Eduard Bocharov’s color feature film “ Napoleon III the Short Dog ” was released, in which Koval acted as the author of several songs.
In 1982, the radio production “Under Sand Sand Napoleon III” was staged, in which Nikolai Litvinov acted as the host, and Yuri Koval was the host. The roles were played by Vyacheslav Nevinniy (Nekrasov), Tatyana Peltzer (Praskovyushka), Gottlieb Roninson (Shamov), Leo Lyubetskiy (Plotnik), Zinaida Andreeva (Vera), Agar Vlasova (Lyosha Serpokrylov), Boris Novikov (Uncle Misha). [17] [18] .
Literature
- Napoleon escaped // Pioneer truth . - 1975 .-- Dec 23
- Linkova I. Ya. What are you laughing at, guys? // Linkova I. Ya. Children read about us. - M.: Knowledge, 1975 .-- S. 68-73.
- Prylezhaeva M. Why is the Northern Lights Needed: A Fun and Serious Book about Courage and Dream // Komsomolskaya Pravda . - 1976. - March 16.
- Komarova T. Long, Nedopesok and others // Literary Review . - 1977. - No. 12. - S. 43-45.
- Vedneva S. A. Genre-style features of the novel by Yu. Koval “Undersanding” / S. A. Vedneva // Philological Journal: Interuniversity. Sat scientific Art .: issue. 4: Problems of literary criticism and teaching methods lit. in high school and school. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1995. - S.155-162.
- Troitskaya T. S. Earth and sky by Yuri Koval (the art world of the short story "The Short Dog") // In the dimension of childhood: collection of books. Art. according to the materials of the Intern. scientific Seminar “Russian Literature: National and Regional”, Feb. 27-29. 2008 - Perm: From and To, 2008. - S. 232-241.
- Chelyukanova O. N. Sharzh as the basis of the synthesis in the short story by Yuri Koval "Nedopesok" // Modern problems of science and education. - 2014. - No. 4.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yuri Koval. I always dropped out of the general stream. (The conversation was conducted by Irina Skuridina) // "Questions of literature." 1998. No. 6. Archived copy of February 20, 2018 on Wayback Machine See also: Forged Book: Remembering Yuri Koval. M .: Time, 2008.
- ↑ Russian Writers of the 20th Century: Biographical Dictionary / Ed. G. In Yakusheva. M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2000.S. 350.
- ↑ Vladimir Bondarenko. Underbelly (03/10/2000)
- ↑ Marina Moskvina. Meet me // Yuri Koval. Undershot; silt D. A. Trubina. M .: Publishing house AST ", 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Yuri Koval. What I like about black swans is their red nose. Prepared by Tatyana Romanova // "Living Hat". 1994. No. 1.
- ↑ Valery Voskoboinikov. Holiday Man // The Kovalynaya book: Remembering Yuri Koval. M .: Time, 2008.
- ↑ Yuri Koval. Nedopesok: novel / artist. T. Kapustina // Bonfire . - 1974. - No. 4. - S. 22—37; No. 5. - S. 7-21; No. 6. - S. 8-23.
- ↑ Yuri Koval. Undershot: ch. from the story / artist Yu. Molokanov // Murzilka. - 1974. - No. 4-5.
- ↑ Yuri Koval. Nedosёsok: a story; artist G. Kalinovsky. - M .: Children's literature , 1975. - 160 p.
- ↑ Yuri Koval. Late evening in early spring: short stories, novels: selected / artist. G. Yudin. - M.: Children's Literature, 1988 .-- 493 p.
- ↑ Yuri Koval. Leafboy: favorites; comp. and foreword. Yu Fayta. - M .: Horseshoe: Dekont +, 2000 .-- 508 p.
- ↑ Yuri Koval. Undershot. With the comments of Ilya Bernshtein, Oleg Lekmanov, Roman Leibov. M .: Publishing project “A and B”, 2018.240 p. ISBN 978-5-990626-21-8
- ↑ Yuri Koval. Nedopesok: novel / artist. D. Trubin. - M.: Kid, B. G. [1994]. - 170 p. (Golden Library "Baby")
- ↑ Results of the XXXIV All-Russian contest “The Art of the Book” // Children's literature. - 1996. - No. 4/6. - S. 91.
- ↑ At the XIX Congress of the International Council on the Children's Book (IBBY), medals and honorary diplomas of the International H.K. Andersen Prize for 1996 were awarded // Children's Literature. - 1997. - No. 1. - S. 47.
- ↑ Undershot: col. df .: in 2 hours / artist G. Soyashnikov. - M.: Filmstrip, 1976. Part 1 , Part 2 .
- ↑ Koval Yu - Napoleon III nedosyok (r.spect. Ved.Yu. Koval, N. Litvinov. Art. T. Peltzer, etc.) | Old Radio
- ↑ AudioBook Fans Club> Koval Yuri - Napeson III
Links
- Text of the story
- Excerpt from the story , read by Alexander Filippenko