Ecu with olive branches ( fr. Écu aux branches d'olivier ), new ecu , six-cylinder ecu , six-livre ecu ( fr. Ecu de six livres ) - a silver ecu with a value of 6 livres , minted in France in 1726-1791 [1 ] [2] [3] .
In 1726, the ecu was equated to 6 livres. In the same year, instead of minting until 1725, an “ecu with eight L”, minting of new coins was started - an ecu depicting a shield with lilies framed by olive branches (it is sometimes thought to be a laurel wreath) [4] .
Throughout the entire minting period, the standard weight and fineness of the coin (29.488 g, 917 silver) and the general type of coin remained unchanged. On the obverse was a portrait of the king and his title “LUD XV (or LUD XVI) • D • G • FR • ET • NAV • REX”, on the reverse - the coat of arms, the inscription “SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENEDICTUM”, the year of minting and the designation of the mint .
The image of Louis XV on the coin changed over time, and varieties of coins are distinguished: “ecu with a bandage” ( French Écu au bandeau ) [5] and “ecu with an old head” ( French Écu à la vieille tête ) [6] .
In 1792, instead of “an ecu with olive branches,” coinage of a new type, “constitutional ecu,” was started. In 1795, the French franc was declared the monetary unit, but the ecu continued to be used for a long time. They were finally seized only in 1834 [7] .
The coin was widely distributed in the German states, where it had local names - in particular, laubtaler or leaf foliage ( German Laubtaler ), laurel thaler ( German Lorbeertaler ), sibenkopfstyuktaler or seven- piece thaler ( German Siebenkopfstücktaler ) [2] ] , Fededer [9] .
Before the reform of Grauman, laubthalers were circulated in Prussia as the main means of payment [4] .
Ecu were used in circulation in other countries, sometimes with super-chasing . So, in 1797 in Great Britain an oval overlay with a portrait of George III was applied to the ecu, the ecu was equated to five shillings [10] . In 1804, the form of the coinage was changed, it became octogonal [11] . Private, unofficial supermarkets “4/9 CROMFORD • DERBYSHIRE” (4 shillings 9 pence) are also known [11] . In 1816–1819, in the Swiss canton of Bern, the ecu was marked with a coinage with the emblem of the canton and the inscription “40 BZ” (40 batsenov ) [12] .
Notes
- ↑ Silver Ecu (Dictionary of Numismatist: Translated from German./H. Fengler, G. Girow, W. Unger / 2nd ed., Revised and enlarged - M .: Radio and communications, 1993)
- ↑ 1 2 Laubtaler (Numismatist Dictionary: Translated from German / H. Fengler, G. Girow, W. Unger / 2nd ed., Revised and revised - M .: Radio and communications, 1993)
- ↑ Cuhaj, 2013 , pp. 224-231.
- ↑ 1 2 Smooth V. Laubtaler // Dictionary of Numismatism. - M .: "Centerpolygraph", 2006. - S. 122. - 377 p. - ISBN 5-9524-2421-X .
- ↑ Écu au bandeau , vcoins.com
- ↑ Écu à la vieille tête , vcoins.com
- ↑ Tatarinov S.V. Gold for silver - the year 1861 ... The history of the unique operation of the State Bank of the Russian Empire // Money and credit: magazine. - 2011. - No. 8 . - S. 59 .
- ↑ Siebenkopfstuhtaler (Numismatics Dictionary: Translated from German / H. Fengler, G. Girow, V. Unger / 2nd ed., Revised and enlarged - M .: Radio and communications, 1993)
- ↑ Federtaler (Dictionary of Numismatist: Translated from German./H. Fengler, G. Girow, W. Unger / 2nd ed., Revised and enlarged - M .: Radio and communications, 1993)
- ↑ Cuhaj, 2013 , p. 719.
- ↑ 1 2 Michael, 2015 , p. 552.
- ↑ Cuhaj, 2013 , p. 1344.
Literature
- Cuhaj G., Michael T. Standard Catalog of World Coins 1701-1800. - 6th ed. - Iola: Krause Publications, 2013 .-- 1440 p. - ISBN 978-1-4402-3884-0 .
- Michael T. Standard Catalog of World Coins 1801-1900. - 8th ed. - Iola: Krause Publications, 2015 .-- 1294 p. - ISBN 978-1-4402-4524-4 .
Links
- Laubtaler // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Laubtaler The Big Numismatic Dictionary - Volume VI
- Ecu Laubtaler 1782 Frankreich Perpignan Ludwig XVI., 1774-1793