GAZ-63

The design of the car began in 1938. The first prototypes of the GAZ-63 were created before the Great Patriotic War in 1939 and 1940, mass production has been launched since 1948 . The most massive all-wheel drive truck of the Soviet Army and in the national economy of the USSR in the 1950s – 60s. In 1968, gave way to the model GAZ-66 . The degree of unification with the GAZ-51 economic model is up to 80%.

The release continued until 1968 , in total 474,464 cars were released.

The car had a frame structure, four-wheel drive with switchable front axle (two drive shafts to drive axles and intermediate between the gearbox and transfer case ), short overhangs and single-sided wheels with adjustable internal pressure.

Automobile tires with a size of 280–457 mm made it possible, while driving over virgin snow or marshland, to briefly reduce the pressure to 0.7 kg / cm ² . At the same time, the speed of the car should not exceed 10 km / h. The tire life at such a ride did not exceed 150 km (at operation with a normal pressure of 2.8 kg / cm ^{2, the} warranty run of tires is 10 thousand km). The compressor , of course, was missing. For tire inflation in field conditions, a device was screwed into the engine instead of one of the spark plugs . The engine started and worked on five cylinders, the piston of one of the cylinders pumped air into the tires. You should not think that the gasoline mixture entered the tires. The intake air valve of the device had a significantly lower resistance than the intake manifold and carburetor with an inertia-oil air cleaner ^[1] .

Under the hood on the right side of the engine was mounted boiler preheating. In winter, it was necessary to turn the steering wheel to the left, in the wing of the right front wheel, open the hatch and insert a working blowtorch into the flame tube of the boiler. The liquid in the cooling system warmed up, the engine oil in the oil pan was heated with hot gases. When the “dry” engine was heated, 5 liters of water was poured into the boiler, then heated by the resulting steam followed. Then - start the engine and topping up the water in the radiator.

The heater located in the cabin supplied warm air to the windshield using an electric fan. At the feet of the driver and passenger warm air entered only when the vehicle was moving through the air intake opening behind the hood. In winter, it was cold in the cabin of a standing car.

The side panels of the bonnet lining were removable, in the summer it greatly facilitated the cooling of the engine. Rising forward-upward windshield frame made the trip cool ( "with the wind" and with the appropriate amount of road dust ).

The body was a wooden platform with high sides and with an opening tailgate.

• GAZ-63A is a modification of GAZ-63 with a winch with a pull force of 4.5 tf and drive through a power take-off box. The curb weight is 3.52 tons versus 3.28 tons for the GAZ-63. Serial release in 1948-1968
• GAZ-63D - truck tractor for work with dumping semi-trailers
• GAZ-63E - chassis for buses
• GAZ-63E - modification of GAZ-63 with shielded electrical equipment
• GAZ-63AE - modification of GAZ-63A with a winch and shielded electrical equipment
• GAZ-63U - modification of GAZ-63 in the export version
• GAZ-63AU - modification GAZ-63A (with winch) in the export version
• GAZ-63EU - modification GAZ-63E (with shielded electrical equipment) in the export version
• GAZ-63YU - modification of GAZ-63 in the export tropical version
• GAZ-63EU - modification of GAZ-63 in export tropical version and shielded electrical equipment
• GAZ-33 is a three-wheel-drive three-axle (6 × 6) truck with a carrying capacity of 2.5-3.0 t based on GAZ-63. The prototype was built in 1946, but did not go into the series due to the insufficient power of the GAZ-51 engine, but the layout of the driving axles of the GAZ-33 was used for the ZIS-151 truck
• GAZ-63P is a four-wheel drive truck tractor with a dual-axle busbar rear axle (there was also a version with a single-sided busbar), mass production 1958-1968
• The BTR-40 (GAZ-40) is an armored personnel carrier for 8 paratroopers plus 2 crew members. Created on units GAZ-63 in 1947. The engine is forced to 80 hp Serial release in 1950-1960. A further development of the BTR-40 was the floating armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-1 , also created with the use of GAZ-63 components and assemblies and mass-produced in 1959-1966.

On the chassis GAZ-63 produced special cars:

• ATsP-20 (63) -19 (PMG-19) - a fire tanker. Produced at Vargashinsky plant fire-fighting equipment.
• ACU-20 (63) -60 (PMG-60) is a simplified fire truck. Produced at Vargashinsky plant fire-fighting equipment.
• AR-1,6 (63) - fire hose car. Produced at the Moscow plant of fire engines.
• AC-3 is an ambulance car for transportation of 7 stretchers and 2 seating patients, or four bedridden and 6 seating, or 14 sitting patients only. Produced at the 101st auto repair plant.
• ASOP-5 (63) -97 (ASO-97) is a fire communication and lighting vehicle. Produced at Vargashinsky plant fire-fighting equipment.
• ATZ-2,2 (63) - the tank for transportation of light oil products.
• ASH-3 - staff car. Produced at the 101st auto repair plant.
• ASH-4 - a staff car with a bus body. Produced at the 101st auto repair plant.
• ASH - staff fire truck. It was produced in two versions - Moscow and Leningrad groups of the technical service of the Fire Service.
• BM- 14-17 (8U36) - rocket artillery combat vehicle.
• VTsPT-1,5 - tank for transportation of milk.
• KAVZ-651AP - auto -dressing . Produced at the Kurgan Bus Plant .
• MZ-3904 - oil servicing truck. Developed by GOSNITI. Produced at the Kvasilovsky machine-building plant.
• RS-363 - rotary snow plow. Produced at the Mtsensk Plant of Municipal Engineering.
• PAZ-654 - staff bus. Developed at the Pavlovsk bus factory . A small series has been released.
• PAZ-659 - autoshop. Produced at the Pavlovsk Bus Plant, then at the Kurgan Bus Plant.
• PAZ-663 is a bus for mounting special equipment, for example, a geophysical laboratory. Produced at the Pavlovsk Bus Plant, then at the Kurgan Bus Plant.
• TZ-63 - tanker.

• The all-wheel drive truck GAZ-63 in the musical film “ Old songs about the main thing 1 ” is run by Leonid Agutin , at the same time singing the song “Hold tight to the steering wheel, driver,…”
• In 2014, GAZ-63 took part in the shooting of the film “The Hunt to Live ” based on the stories of V. M. Shukshin .
• GAZ-63 was shot in the film “ Akmal, the Dragon and the Princess ”, 1981. Soviet children's feature film (the first from a film about adventures in the magical land of the boy Akmal), released in 1981 by the Uzbekfilm studio. Filming took place in Tashkent.

• Autoclub GAZ-63
• GAZ-63
• Automobile bureau: GAZ-63
• State Research Institute of Automobile Economy NIIAT. Brief automobile reference book / N. N. Anikushin. - Moscow: Transport, 1983. - p. 205. - 223 p.