A pillar in architecture is a pillar , often cylindrical in shape, usually wooden, stone or metal. In classical architecture, it supports entablature (or arches ).
The column may also not support any massive building element, but serve as a decorative or triumphal decoration, for example, with a statue on top or just stand in front of the facade , holding only segments of the entablature, but not bearing its entire load (see the uncovered order ).
There are also half columns and pilasters . A half-column protrudes from the plane of the wall at half its diameter; can support structural elements and perform a decorative function. Pilaster has external resemblances to a column, but at the same time has no entasis ; can be both a supporting architectural element, and decorative [1] .
Content
History
The first stone columns were used in ancient Egypt during the construction of the Djoser Pyramid in 2650 BC. For the first time in history, a stone structure of 40 columns with a height of 10 meters each was used. Since these columns were the first on earth, the architect Imhotep connected each of them to the wall on one side. [2]
Column Elements
- Base - the lower part that transfers the load to the base. Optional, for example, in the classic Doric order it is not, although Palladio used it.
- The trunk (body of the column) - actually the main part of the column. In classical architecture, it was often decorated with flutes .
- Capital - the upper part, which distributes the load from the upper elements, also, like the base, may be absent. It is the most expressive element of the order .
See also
- Architectural order
- Obelisk
- Rostral column
- Plague pillar
- Abaca (part of the capital in classical architecture)
- Order arcade
Notes
- ↑ Partina, A.S. Architectural Terms: An Illustrated Dictionary. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1994.
- ↑ d / f “How empires were created. Ancient Egypt. ” , History Channel , 2006 (video), 28 min.
Literature
- Column, in architecture // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Columna // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885.