Malacidins ( English Malacidin ) - a class of chemical compounds of biological origin, secondary metabolites of soil bacteria that can affect gram-positive bacteria . Malacidin activity is calcium- dependent. The discovery of a new class of antibiotics was published in 2018. [one]
Malacidins | |
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Are common | |
Chem. formula | C 56 H 88 N 12 O 20 |
Physical properties | |
Molar mass | 1249.38 g / mol |
Classification | |
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Malacidins have been detected using a new screening method for soil microbiome, which allows the detection of biosynthetic gene clusters necessary for the synthesis of a chemical substance in a cell. Malacidin A is able to kill Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria.
Content
History
Malacidins were first discovered by scientists from Rockefeller University . The group, led by Brad Hover and Sean Brady, isolated DNA from two thousand soil samples collected in various places in the United States, which made it possible to create metagenomic libraries. The search focused on the search for biosynthetic gene clusters involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites . Some of these biosynthetic gene clusters were represented in 19% of soil samples and were absent in cultured bacteria. These gene clusters were transferred to bacteria in culture and the resulting secondary metabolites were investigated. [1] [2]
For 2018, malacidines have not been tested on humans, such tests are very long and costly. It is not known whether the discovery will lead to the emergence of a new group of drugs. In addition, malacidines work only on gram-positive bacteria. However, they even kill “super-strains” that are resistant to conventional antibiotics, like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus .
Chemical structure
Malacidines are macrocyclic lipopeptides . Two malacidins A and B are described, differing only in the methylene group in the lipid part of the molecule. [1] The malacidine peptide core contains four non-proteinogenic amino acids . [1] The name malacidin is short for metagenomic acidic lipopeptide antibiotic and the suffix -cidin . [3]
Mechanism of Action
When bound to calcium, malacidines are transferred to the active form, which is able to interact with lipid II , the precursor of the bacterial cell wall component. This interaction leads to the destruction of the bacterial cell wall and its death. [1] [4] Thus, malacidines became new members of the class of calcium-dependent antibiotics. [1] [5]
See also
- Daptomycin
- Teixobactin
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hover, Bradley M .; Kim, Seong-Hwan; Katz, Micah; Charlop-Powers, Zachary; Owen, Jeremy G .; Ternei, Melinda A .; Maniko, Jeffrey; Estrela, Andreia B .; Molina, Henrik; Park, Steven; Perlin, David S .; Brady, Sean F. Culture-dependent pathogens (eng.) // Nature Microbiology : journal. - 2018. - 12 February. - DOI : 10.1038 / s41564-018-0110-1 . - PMID 29434326 .
- ↑ New antibiotic family discovered in dirt . BBC (February 13, 2018). The appeal date is February 13, 2018.
- Aly Healy, Melissa ; Los Angeles Times (February 13, 2018). The appeal date is February 13, 2018.
- ↑ Soil search unearths new class of antibiotics , Chemistry World (February 14, 2018).
- ↑ Kaplan, Sarah is unaware of dirt . The Washington Post (February 13, 2018). The appeal date is February 13, 2018.
Links
- "A new potential antibiotic found in the mud" . Attic / Tass. The appeal date is February 17, 2018.
- "Scientists have synthesized an antibiotic from mud" . Espresso. The appeal date is February 17, 2018.