Arina Tuchkova (actually, Orina [1] ; mentioned in 1591) - the nurse of Tsarevich Dmitry Uglitsky , one of the defendants in the Uglich case . In separate sources and studies, it is erroneously referred to as Daria Motyakova [2] and Irina Zhdanova [3] [4] (the result of an incorrect interpretation of the case materials, where Tuchkova appears as “ Zhdanova’s wife, Tuchkova, Tsarevich’s nurse Orina ” [1] ).
| Arina Tuchkova | |
|---|---|
 B.A. Chorikov . “The death of Tsarevich Dimitri in 1591” (ill. To the book “Picturesque Karamzin”, 1836). Arina Tuchkova - in the center, with the body of the Tsarevich in her arms. | |
| Date of Birth | XVI century |
| Date of death | not earlier than 1591 |
| Occupation | nurse |
| Spouse | Zhdan Tuchkov |
Content
Role in History
In accordance with the materials of the Uglich case, on May 15 (25), 1591 Arina Tuchkova was one of the witnesses of the death of Tsarevich Dmitry (along with his mother Vasilisa Volokhova , the prisoner Mary Kolobova and the four “ tenants ” who played with the prince “ in the hole ”) . Tuchkova’s testimony does not contain significant differences from what other eyewitnesses reported, except for one detail: the nurse mentions that the prince died in her arms [1] . (This is confirmed by the words of Andrei Nagoy , who, having appeared at the scene of the incident, remarked that “the prince lies dead at the hands of the nurse ” [5] .) Nevertheless, at the end of the investigation, an order came from Moscow ordering Tuchkova and her husband to be brought to the capital under heavy guard (“ so that from the roadthey didn’t leak and didn’t conquer over them ” [6] ). What caused such precautions remains unclear.
Mentioned sources
Arina Tuchkova is mentioned in the story of the murder of Dmitry Uglitsky, cited in The New Chronicler . According to this source, the nurse tried to protect the tsarevich from intruders (“a pade on him and the beginning of shouting ”), for which she was brutally beaten [7] . “The Tale of the Killing of Tsarevich Dmitry” describes the same event in a slightly different way: the killers allegedly committed their crime, having previously stunned Tuchkova with a strike “ clubs ”, which does not find confirmation either in the case file or in other sources [2] . In “The Tale of the Tsar Fedor Ivanovich's Kingdom”, preserved in the lists of the 18th century, Arina Tuchkova is mistakenly called Daria Motyakova and is accused of conspiracy with criminals [8] .
Estimates of Historians
In domestic historiography, Arina Tuchkova is given as much attention as the rest of the ordinary persons involved in the Uglich case. N. M. Karamzin calls her the “zealous nurse”, contrasting the “evil mother” Vasilisa Volokhova [4] , and recreating the death scene of the Tsarevich, Tuchkova uses the words that Dmitry died in her arms: “The nine-year-old holy martyr lay bloodied in the embrace of the one who raised and wanted to protect him with her breasts; he trembled like a dove [comm. 1] , giving up the spirit, and died, no longer having heard the cry of a desperate mother ... ” [4] . Thus, Karamzin believed that the testimony of the nurse was completely credible. A similar point of view exists in modern historiography: it is held, in particular, by the candidate of historical sciences S. Yu. Shokarev [9] .
Notes
Comments
- ↑ The words highlighted by Karamzin are a quote from the “New Chronicler” (in the source: “ Oh miraculously righteous and awful, what a dead body trembles for a great hour, like a dove! ” [7] ).
Links
- ↑ 1 2 3 Uglich, 2012 , p. 39.
- ↑ 1 2 Florea, 2007 , p. 135.
- ↑ Zhdanova, Irina // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Karamzin, 2004 , p. 811.
- ↑ Uglich case, 2012 , p. 41.
- ↑ Uglich case, 2012 , p. 79.
- ↑ 1 2 New Chronicler, 1910 , p. 41.
- ↑ Florea, 2007 , p. 136.
- ↑ Shokarev, 2013 , p. 29.
Sources
- The wanted case in 1591 about the murder of Tsarevich Dimitry Ivanovich in Uglich // The case of the murder of Tsarevich Dimitry . - M .: White City, 2012 .-- S. 24-79. - 88 p. - (Russian lawsuits). - 1,500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-7793-2337-6 .
- New Chronicler // PSRL . - SPb. : Type of. M.A. Alexandrova, 1910 .-- T. 14/1. - S. 23-154. - 154 p.
Literature
- Zhdanova, Irina // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1894. - T. XIa.
- Karamzin N.M. History of the Russian state . - M .: Eksmo, 2004 .-- 1024 p. - 8,000 copies.
- Florya B. N. Dimitri Ioannovich // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2007. - T. XV. - S. 132-136. - 752 s.
- Shokarev S. Yu. Time of Troubles in Moscow . - M .: Veche, 2013. - 302, [1] p. - (From Russia to the Empire). - 2,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-4444-0428-7 .