Mansa Musa ( Arabic: مانسا موسى ) - Mansa (supreme ruler) of the medieval state of Mali , who was in power in 1307 / 12–1332 / 37. He came from the Keith dynasty , was the nephew of the founder of the state of Mali Keith's sundiata . He was born in the first decade of May, this is from about May 1 to May 8, and died in the last decade of August - this is from August 24 to 31. Under him, Mali had the largest dimensions in its history, significantly strengthened and reached the pinnacle of its cultural development.
| Musa I | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arab. مانسا موسى | |||||||
 Mansa Musa holding a gold nugget (image from Catalan atlas ) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Predecessor | Abubacar II | ||||||
| Successor | Maghan I | ||||||
| Birth | May 2 | ||||||
| Death | August 31, 1332 or 1337 | ||||||
| Kind | Keita | ||||||
| Children | |||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||
Description
Musa’s rule is mainly known from the records of the Arab chroniclers of that time: Shihab ad-din Ahmed ibn Yahya ibn Fadlallah al-Omari al-Dimashki ( Arabic. Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Battuta ( Arabic. أبو عبد الله محمد ابن بطوطة ) and Abu Zayd Abdurrahman ibn Muhammad ibn Haldoun al-Hadrami ( Arabic .
According to Ibn Khaldun , his grandfather was the brother of Sundiata Keita , the founder of the empire of Mali. Mansa Musa came to power after the previous ruler Abubakar II appointed him a vizier in 1311, and he went with thousands of ships with people and a large number of supplies to explore the Atlantic, from where he never returned.
The most important reason for the spread of Mansa's fame beyond the borders of his state, including before Europe , was the Hajj that he performed in 1324. The ruler, riding a horse, was accompanied, according to various sources, from 60 thousand (chronicle "Tarih al-Sudan") to 80 thousand (according to the chronicle "Tarih al-Fattash") people. The procession of Musa through Cairo , the caravans of camels and a string of slaves, the extravagance of the king and the surrounding luxury glorified the monarch.
| This man poured out his generosity over the whole of Cairo. Throughout the sultanate there was not a single court or other official who would not receive a gold gift from him. How gloriously he behaved, what dignity, what modesty! |
Mansa Musa returned from Mecca to Mali in 1325. The king’s pilgrimage strengthened the political and economic ties of Mali with its eastern neighbors, which served as an active influx of Arab merchants and thinkers into Western Sudan .
The state headed by him was located on the territory of the modern states of Mali , Guinea , Senegal , Niger , Mauritania . The main transport artery of the area is the Niger River ; The main fertile areas are located in its inner delta. According to the records of the Arab traveler of that time, Ibn Battuta , who visited the state of Mali in 1352 (during the reign of Mansa Suleiman , who was Musa’s brother and ruled for 24 years after the short rule of Musa’s son), Mali’s economy was based on trade with the countries of North Africa according to Trans-Sahara caravan routes , primarily mineral raw materials - salt and gold . Also through the desert, merchants brought from Mali ivory , skins of rhinos and other African animals.
It is noteworthy that experts of the publication Cebrity Net Worth, bringing the condition of the richest people of all time to the conditions of 2012, estimated the state of Musa at 400 billion US dollars. In the ranking of the 25 richest people in the world published on October 13, 2012, he took 1st place, ahead of the European Rothschild dynasty and the American entrepreneur Rockefeller [2] .
See also
- Tombouctou
Notes
- ↑ Levtzion, 1963 , p. 353.
- ↑ The 25 richest people in history . Rating Date of treatment October 17, 2012. Archived October 17, 2012.
Literature
- Vaccuri Juha. Civilizations of the Niger Valley / Ed. L. E. Kubbela . - M .: Progress, 1988 .-- 168 p.
- Warner, Brian. " The 25 Richest People Who Ever Lived - Inflation Adjusted, " The Guardian, October 13, 2012.
Links
- Civilizations of the Niger Valley. Legends and gold . geografia.ru . Date of treatment June 21, 2018.
- The richest man in history named