Nikitsky Monastery - a convent in Moscow in honor of St. Nikita Martyr , who existed in 1582 - 1929 and was almost completely destroyed in the 1930s during the construction of the Nikitsky metro electrical substation ( B. 10/10 Nikitskaya St. ).
| Monastery | |
| Nikitsky monastery in Moscow | |
|---|---|
 The bell tower with the Church of the Resurrection of the Word in the Nikitsky monastery. Pre-revolutionary photo | |
| A country |  Russia |
| Location | Moscow |
| Denomination | Orthodoxy |
| Diocese | Moscow |
| Type of | female |
| Established | 1582 year |
| Building | |
| Cell building • Remains of the southern fence | |
| Status | Abolished |
| condition | On the site of the former monastery built Nikitskaya electrical substation |
Content
- 1 History of the monastery
- 1.1 Pre-Petrine time
- 1.2 Russian Empire
- 1.3 Abolition and destruction of the monastery
- 2 Surviving buildings. Toponymic memory
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
Monastery History
Pre-Petrine time
Not later than 1534, on the site of the future Nikitsky monastery, the church of the great martyr Nikita was built at the Yamsky court with the Vvedensky chapel. The temple was two-pillar. [1] When disassembling the cathedral in 1930, it turned out that the temple was mostly built of Italian brick.
At this church in 1582 the boyar Nikita Romanov (the grandfather of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich ) founded the Nikitsky Monastery. After its founding, the nearby Volotskaya (or Novgorodskaya) street became known as Bolshaya Nikitskaya; the street was part of the road to Voloka Lamsky and Veliky Novgorod , which was formed in the XIV - XVI centuries. [2]
In 1682 the monastery was devastated by fire, after which the damaged Nikita church was thoroughly rebuilt and expanded (for example, the Vvedensky chapel was re-built).
Russian Empire
At the beginning of the 18th century , a stone bell tower was built in the monastery. In the 1750s, the architect D.V. Ukhtomsky built cell bodies. In 1764, the monastery was enrolled in the third class in the state.
In 1767, the nearby and formerly former parish church of Dmitriev was assigned to the monastery. The first wooden church in honor of St. Dimitry of Solunsky , standing on this site, was built in the year the monastery was founded ( 1582 is the year of the birth of Tsarevich Dimitry , and, perhaps, the consecration of the church is caused by this event). In 1629, a wooden church burned down and in the middle of the XVII century the church was built again in stone. At the beginning of the XVIII century , the completion of the Dmitrievskaya Church was redone: it was decorated with a new six-headed drum .
Nikitsky Monastery was badly damaged in 1812 : the monastery’s values were looted and burned down all the buildings except the Dmitrievsky Church. The monastery was intended to be abolished by Archbishop Augustine , but restored to private donations.
In 1833, the side chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was added to the Nikitsky Cathedral. In 1861, on the site of the dismantled bell tower of the XVIII century, the architect M.D. Bykovsky laid the new bell tower with the Church of the Resurrection of the Slovozh (consecrated in July 1868 ). In 1877, a chapel was built near the gates of the monastery in the name of the great martyr Nikita . In 1894, the Church of the Great Martyr Dmitry Solunsky, consecrated without service in 1812 - 1894 , was again consecrated.
Before the revolution , the monastery kept a sacred relic - a particle of the finger of St. Nikita .
In 1904, in the village of Katyushki in the Moscow province, the church of Seraphim of Sarov was built - the courtyard of the Nikitsky monastery. With him, a church school for 50 children was built. The female Nikito-Romanovskaya parish school, as well as the monastery almshouse were also at the monastery itself in Moscow.
Abolition and destruction of a monastery
The monastery was closed in the 1920s . Some time after the closure, nuns still lived in its buildings (under the command of Mother Superior Agnes and treasurers of the sister Seraphim [2] ), and the bell -ringer virtuoso K. K. Saradzhev regularly rang in the bell tower of the former monastery. In 1929, some preserved documents that were valuable in historical terms (now stored in the Glavarchive of Moscow [3] ) were removed from the monastery’s archive, however, the bulk of the monastery’s archive was lost in the 1920s [4] .
After the closure, the buildings of the former monastery were transferred to Moscow University , and in 1930-1933 they were demolished. In 1935, on the site of a former monastery, the Nikitsky power substation building was built (architect D.F. Fridman ). Only a small fragment of the monastery fence and one cell building, occupied since 1990 by the Central Administration of Fish Ecology and Norms, have been preserved.
Church of Dmitry Solunsky (XVII — XVIII century) and Church of the Great Martyr Nikita (1682)
The preserved cell building of the former Nikitsky monastery
The surviving buildings. Toponymic memory
- The remains of the south wall.
- The cell building (1755-1756), architect D.V. Ukhtomsky ( B. Kislovsky lane , 10).
- Moscow Nikitsky Monastery gave the name Bolshaya Nikitskaya and Malaya Nikitskaya Streets, Nikitsky Lane ; once there were the Nikitsky Gates of the White City named after the monastery, thanks to which the Nikitsky Gates Square and the Theater “At the Nikitsky Gates” got their names.
Notes
- ↑ Prayer N. M. Watchmen of Moscow. M .: AST, Astrel, Olympus, 2007.S. 202.
- ↑ 1 2 Prayer N. M. Decree. Op. S. 202.
- ↑ Central Archives of Moscow. Fund Guide. Release 5 (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment January 20, 2008. Archived December 6, 2007.
- ↑ Ibid. (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment January 20, 2008. Archived December 6, 2007.
Literature
- Miloslavin H. Moscow Nikitsky girl’s monastery, his description and the history of churches and bell towers. - M., 1900.
- Mikhailov K.K. Nikitsky Nunnery in Moscow. - St. Petersburg, 1901.
- Forty forty: A brief illustrated history of all Moscow churches. In 4 t. / Autost. Palamarchuk P.G. - T. 1. - M., 2004.
- Khavsky P. A Brief History of the Moscow Women's Nikitsky Monastery. - M., 1866.