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White-throated Thrush

White-throated thrush [1] [2] [3] , or forest stone thrush [4] , ( lat. Monticola gularis ) is a small songbird (the size of a starling ), one of the smallest stone thrushes that lives in the mountain forests of Transbaikalia , Amur and Primorye .

White-throated Thrush
Scientific classification
Domain:Eukaryotes
Kingdom:Animals
Kingdom :Eumetazoi
No rank :Bilateral symmetrical
No rank :Secondary
Type of:Chordate
Subtype :Vertebrates
Infratype :Maxillary
Overclass :Tetrapods
Grade:Birds
Subclass :Real birds
Infraclass :Newborn
Squad:Passerines
Suborder :Songbirds
Infrastructure :Passerida
Superfamily :Muscicapoidea
Family:Flycatcher
Subfamily :Minted
Gender:Stone thrushes
View:White-throated Thrush
International scientific name

Monticola gularis ( Swinhoe , 1863 )

Synonyms
  • Petrophila gularis
  • Monticola cinclorhynchus gularis
Security status
Status iucn3.1 LC ru.svg Виды под наименьшей угрозой
Least Concerned
IUCN 3.1 Least Concern : 22708276

Content

  • 1 Description
    • 1.1 Appearance
    • 1.2 singing
  • 2 Area
  • 3 Reproduction
  • 4 Power
  • 5 Literature
  • 6 notes

Description

Appearance

The total length of the white-throated thrush is an average of 18.5 cm [5] . General addition like all stone thrushes. The plumage is variegated (red at the bottom, blue, black and red at the top), the tail is rather short. The male has a head , neck, and small covering wings of blue-blue color, the back, sides of the head, wings and tail are brown-black, the ventral side of the body, including the frenulum and sides of the neck are rusty-brown, with a wide white longitudinal strip and white spots on the throat wings.

In the female , the upper side of the body is brownish-gray, with a black transverse pattern, the top of the head is gray, the bottom is whitish with transverse dark brown mottles. The young bird has a plumage pattern, in general resembling the pattern of a female. The main color of the feather is dark, black-brown, slightly grayish to the base, in front of the top of the feather there is a yellowish-brown wide apical stripe. The ventral side is dirty ocher with blackish-brown mottled. Blackish flyworms (males) or brownish (females), bases of minor flyworms in males with a bright spot. The torsion is reddish, brighter in males, paler in females.

Singing

The singing consists of long flute notes of a minor character, and the whistle develops into complicated phrases that always sound very solemn [6] . Usually, during the singing, the bird sits in place and rarely, apparently, at the time of mating , flies from the top of the tree to the top and sings short stanzas on the fly. In general, the character of the song somewhat resembles the singing of a blue stone thrush , the best singer among all the birds of Eastern Siberia .

Range

Distributed in Primorye and Amur . The most western location is in Transbaikalia . In 1947, a brood was met and 2 spoils were mined near Mount Alkhanay . Northwest of the forest, a stone thrush is found near Lake Tasey, in the southern part of the Vitim plateau . Also found in the upper reaches of the Chita River and at the Loach of Saranakan. To the east it is noted along the Amur River , near the Kumara River , near Jalinda and in the Zeya Valley in the tract Bomnak. Another forest stone thrush is known at the nesting site of the Gorin River and on Lake Evoron . Outside the USSR, a forest stone thrush was found in the northern part of Korea and, apparently, nests there. It most likely nests in Zhili, and in Manchuria it spreads west to Greater Khingan . It was also found in the south of Gansu . Winters in East Indochina and in East China [6] . It lives on the forested mountainsides.

Reproduction

Each couple occupies a vast area. Vigorous singing continues until mid- June , weaker only in the morning and evening until the tenth of July. Nests are made very simply - from dry grass and a small amount of moss , they are usually placed on the ground, on the trunk of a fallen tree or on a stump. Egg laying time: May - June. In clutch usually 5-7 eggs [7] . Eggs of white color with small rusty-brown dots and specks, thicker on the dull end of the egg. The average egg size is 21 x 16 mm. The duration of incubation is more than 2 weeks [8] . Usually chicks leave the nest, not yet knowing how to fly well.

Nutrition

It feeds on various invertebrates and berries .

Literature

  • “Bird fauna of the countries of Northern Eurasia within the borders of the former USSR: Species lists. (01.2016) "E. A. Koblik, V. Yu. Arkhipov.
  • V. K. Ryabitsev “Birds of Siberia” is a guide-determinant, in 2 volumes. Moscow-Yekaterinburg, Publishing House “Cabinet Scientist”, 2014.

Notes

  1. ↑ Boehme R. L., Dinets V. L., Flint V. E., Cherenkov A. E. Birds. Encyclopedia of the nature of Russia. Ed. 2nd, supplemented and revised. - M .: ABF, 1998 .-- 432 p.
  2. ↑ Boehme R. L., Kuznetsov A. A. Birds of forests and mountains of the USSR. - M.: Education, 1966 .-- 318 p.
  3. ↑ Ilyashenko V. Yu. Pterillography of world bird nestlings: goaciniformes, turacoids, cuckoo-shaped, swift-like, mouse birds, trogon-shaped, crayfish, rhinoceros, woodpecker, passerine. - M.: Partnership of scientific publications of KMK, 2015. - 292 p.
  4. ↑ Birds of the Soviet Union: in 6 volumes / Ed. G.P. Dementieva and N.A. Gladkov. - M .: Soviet science, 1951-1954.
  5. ↑ White-throated Thrush (Monticola gularis) (neopr.) . Birds of the Russian Far East . Date of treatment February 18, 2018.
  6. ↑ 1 2 White-throated Thrush - Monticola gularis (Swinhoe, 1863) (neopr.) . Songbird . Date of treatment February 18, 2018.
  7. ↑ Encyclopedia "Birds of Russia". White-throated Thrush (neopr.) . Date of treatment February 18, 2018.
  8. ↑ E.N. Elaev. White-throated Thrush (unopened) (inaccessible link) . Ministry of Natural Resources of the Republic of Buryatia . Date of treatment February 18, 2018. Archived on February 5, 2018.
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= White - throated Thrush&oldid = 101917854


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