Venezuelan transport is represented by road , rail , air , water (sea, river and lake) and pipelines ; public transport for passenger transportation operates in the settlements and between cities. The area of the country is 912,050 km² (33rd place in the world). The shape of the country's territory is complex; the maximum distance from north to south is 1271 km, from east to west - 1489 km. The geographical location of Venezuela allows the country to control transport corridors between the states of the north of South America ; sea routes in the eastern Caribbean.
Content
Road Transport
The total length of roads in Venezuela as of 2014 is 96,189 km (48th place in the world) [1] .
Rail Transport
The total length of the country's railways as of 2014 amounted to 447 km (117th place in the world), of which 447 km are standard 1435 mm gauge (414 km are electrified) [1] .
Air Transport
In the country, as of 2013, there were 444 airports (19th place in the world), of which 127 were with hard-coated runways and 317 with unpaved. The country's airports according to the length of the runways are divided into the following types (in parentheses is the number without hard cover):
- longer than 10 thousand feet (> 3047 m) - 6 (0);
- from 8 thousand to 10 thousand feet (2438-3047 m) - 9 (3);
- from 5 thousand to 8 thousand feet (1524-2437 m) - 33 (57);
- from 3 thousand to 5 thousand feet (914-1523 m) - 62 (127);
- shorter than 3 thousand feet (<914 m) - 17 (130) [1] .
As of 2015, 17 airlines were registered in the country, which operate with 122 aircraft [1] . In 2015, the total passenger turnover on domestic and international flights amounted to 6.5 million people. [1] In 2015, 6.2 million ton-kilometers of cargo was transported by air (excluding passenger baggage) [1] .
In the country, as of 2013, 3 helipads were built and operated [1] .
Venezuela is a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). According to Article 20 of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944, the International Civil Aviation Organization for the country's aircraft, as of 2016, has fixed the registration prefix - YV, based on radio calls issued by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Airports in Venezuela have the letter code IKAO starting with - SV [1] [2] .
Water Transport
Sea transport
The main sea ports of the country: La Guaira , Maracaibo (city) , Puerto Cabello , Punta Cardon . Oil Terminals: Jose .
The country's merchant marine fleet, as of 2010, has 53 sea vessels with a tonnage of more than 1 thousand registered tons (GRT) each (69th place in the world), of which: bulk carriers - 4, dry cargo vessels - 12, tankers for chemical products - 1, gas carriers - 5, passenger ships - 1, cargo and passenger ships - 14, oil tankers - 16 [1] .
As of 2010, the number of sea merchant ships that fly the flag of the country, but are the property of other states - 9 ( Denmark - 1, Estonia - 1, Germany - 1, Greece - 4, Mexico - 1, Spain - 1); registered under the flags of other countries - 14 ( Panama - 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - 1) [1] .
River transport
The total length of navigable sections of rivers and waterways available for ships with a deadweight of more than 500 tons for 2011 amounted to 7,100 km (20th place in the world) [1] . Only the Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake Maracaibo are actively used for these purposes.
Pipeline transportation
The total length of gas pipelines in Venezuela, as of 2013, amounted to 5,941 km; oil pipelines - 7 588 km; heavy oil pipelines - 981 km; product pipelines - 1,778 km [1] .
City public transport
Public Administration
The state manages the country's transport infrastructure through the ministries of land transport , air and water transport . As of January 24, 2017, the ministry in the government of Nicolas Maduro Moros was headed by Ricardo Molina and General Giuseppe Joffred , respectively [3] .
See also
- Venezuelan Economy
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (Eng.) Venezuela // The World Factbook . -Washington, DC : Central Intelligence Agency , 2017 .-- September 9. - Date of appeal: 21 February 2017. - ISSN 1553-8133 .
- ↑ Convention on International Civil Aviation.
- ↑ Venezuela // Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. - Washington, DC : Central Intelligence Agency , 2017 .-- September 9. - Date of appeal: 21 February 2017.
Links
- Maps of the transport system of Venezuela on Wikimedia Commons .
- Maps of Venezuela - Perry – Castañeda Library Map Collection.
- A selection of publications about Venezuela from the magazine Around the World .