Dombkovsky, Przemyslaw Bonifaciewicz

Przemyslaw Dombkowski was born in the city of Lviv in the family of an employee. Father Boniface-Gregory was a railway engineer, mother - Helena-Joanna a housewife. He spent his childhood in Stryi (where his father worked on the railway as the head of the conservation department), where he first graduated from a four-year primary school and then from a state gymnasium. In a city where Ukrainians made up the majority of the population, Jews, Germans, as well as Poles lived, therefore, young Dombkovsky, communicating with them, recognized their mentality, customs, language, which came in handy in the future.

In the late 80s, the Dombkowski family moved to a permanent place of residence in Lviv. Przemyslaw’s father took the position of senior engineer in the Directorate of State Railways. In Lviv, Przemyslaw continued his studies at the 3rd Imperial-Royal State Gymnasium named after Franz Joseph (with the Polish language of teaching). For graduates, the certificate of completion of a particularly prestigious gymnasium (material certificate) in those days paved the way for admission to higher educational institutions of the entire Austro-Hungarian monarchy.

In 1894 he graduated with honors from the gymnasium and entered the Faculty of Law (University of Lviv, which was then called the “Imperial-Royal University named after Franz Joseph I." Studying in the third year, in his free time, on the recommendation of Professor Oscar Balcer, young the scientist began working in the Lviv Regional Archive of Zemstvo and Grodsky Acts, and worked in it until 1916, becoming one of the most famous archivists in Austria. Working in the archive gave him the opportunity not only to pay for university studies (it was paid ), but also to thoroughly study archival materials, as a result of which he prepared and published in 1910-1911 the thorough work “Private Polish Law”.

In 1898, Przemyslaw Dombkowski again graduated with honors from the Faculty of Law and in the same year passed the entrance examinations for doctoral studies (these were Roman, canonical, German, and judicial law). In December 1900 he defended his doctoral work at Lviv University and received a doctorate in law (December 17). In the summer semester of 1906, Przemyslaw Dombkowski was instructed to give a course of lectures on the history of Polish private law.

From 1907 to 1908, Przemyslaw Dombkowski left for a scientific internship in Paris, at the University of Paris, worked for about 11 months in the archives and libraries of Warsaw. During his stay abroad (Germany, France), in Warsaw, he met and established scientific contacts with many famous scientists, politicians, writers, carefully looked at and studied the socio-political and national relations, economic problems there.

As a result of persistent appeals by the leaders of Lviv University, the Austrian Ministry of Religion and Education on February 21, 1910 granted Przemyslaw Dombkowski, who was then 33 years old, the title of extraordinary professor. ^[2]

With the outbreak of World War I, given the approach of the Russian troops, many university professors and teachers, including the rector Art. Stashinsky, left Lviv to the west. Classes at the university were discontinued. Professor Dombkovsky stayed in Lviv with many other teachers. They hoped that the Russian government would restore the activities of the Polish university because of what seemed to be a loyal attitude towards the Polish population and institutions. Only Ukrainian organizations and societies were banned, libraries, reading rooms, publishing houses were closed, museums were looted, the Polish language and literature were banned. Not without reason, the Governor-General of Galicia Count Bobrinsky, following Tsar Nicholas II, who visited Lviv in early April 1915, emphasized that Galicia and Lemkovschina had long been integral parts of united Great Russia, and therefore he would introduce the Russian language, law and order on these lands. However, in June 1915, the Austrians again captured Galicia and the university began to operate again. Dombkowski January 1, 1916 was appointed head of the newly created Department of the History of German Law.

With the outbreak of hostilities in the framework of the Soviet-Polish war, classes at the university for a long time did not actually take place, Dombkovsky did not receive, therefore, salaries. He decided to move to Warsaw . In the winter semester of the 1919/1920 school year, he began to take a course in the history of Polish private law at the Faculty of Law of the Capital University.

In the summer of 1920, he returned to Lviv, when stubborn battles were waged with the Red Army under the city (the Polish-Soviet war continued, S. Budyonny's mounted army was advancing in Lviv). In September, the Red Army was driven back from Lviv and Warsaw, and peace negotiations began in Riga. At the Lviv University in October resumed classes. Professor Dombkowski again led the department of ancient Polish private law.

In the 1921-1922 academic year, part-time he began to work at the Catholic University of Lublin, where he taught the history of Western European law - 4 hours a week. He worked at the Catholic University in 1928.

In the end, at the University of Lviv after the death of Galban, Dombkowski additionally (temporarily) also headed the Department of the History of Western European Law, and after the death of O. Baltser (1933) became the leading teacher of the course in the history of state and law of Poland. Przemyslaw Dombkowski performed a number of important administrative functions at Lviv University. In particular, in 1920 he was elected dean of the law faculty (deans were then elected for a term of one year). Dombkovsky was a member of the university disciplinary commission, which considered the cases and misconduct of the teaching and teaching staff. In 1925, he was re-elected Dean of the Faculty of Law. In 1939, the Senate of Lviv University elected Dombkovsky to the post of rector of the university, but he refused it.

In October 1939, the University of Lviv resumed its activity, which was declared by the Ukrainian State University. A certain number of Polish teachers remained here to work - professors and associate professors, and also teachers from the USSR were sent. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR on January 8, 1940, the university was named after Ivan Franko. The university eliminated the faculty of theology and medicine, on the basis of which the State Medical Institute was created. Professor Dombkovsky, who had great scientific authority and a European-wide name, was left to work at the Faculty of Law

When the Great Patriotic War began, Lviv began on June 30, 1941, German troops occupied. The university was closed, classes were discontinued. Dombkowski was left without a livelihood. True, he began to give paid private classes, and also became involved in the activities of an underground Polish university. In the fall of 1943, his wife Maria died in a road accident.

After the liberation of Lviv from the German invaders, the university resumed its activities. The professor was tasked with leading the department of the general history of state and law. The chair of the history of state and law of the USSR was headed by a former student of Dombkovsky K. Korani. Several Polish professors remained to work at the law faculty - M. Hlyamtach (Roman law), Yu. Makarevich (criminal law). Classes were held in a mixed Polish-Russian-Ukrainian language. Scientific work due to lack of literature, including foreign, inaccessibility of archives has almost ceased. They did not publish articles and materials, because they did not know Ukrainian or Russian languages ​​well enough.

In November 1944, Dombkowski was elected dean (first after the war) of the law faculty. He served as dean until April 16, 1946 , when on his own initiative he resigned, remaining the head of the department.

He continued to work at the Faculty of Law until his death on December 18, 1950 . The university leadership arranged a solemn funeral for him. Dombkovsky was buried in a family crypt at the Lychakiv cemetery in Lviv. The news of his death aroused deep regret in the scientific and student community of the Ukrainian SSR, Poland and other countries. He was one of the most famous and respected scholars in the history of state and law throughout Eastern Europe, a talented teacher, a decent person.

Professor Dombkovsky left a rich scientific heritage, which has about 300 positions, including a certain number of educational and methodical works, as well as personalities on the occasion of various historical anniversaries, dates and anniversaries. He investigated the problems of the history of law and private law. One of the most interesting for scientists or students is the work “Revenge, Redemption, and Submission in Galician Rus in the 15th and First Half of the 16th Centuries,” published in 1887.

Perhaps the most outstanding work of his is considered the two-volume "Polish Private Law", published in 1910-1911. For this work he received the award of the Academy of Sciences in Krakow, and in 1917 - the award of the Scientific Society in Warsaw. Professor Dombkovsky also published a student textbook, Essays on Polish Private Law (1920), which has been reprinted several times, as well as The Alphabetical Book of Old Polish Law (1932). He published several important works from another area of ​​his interests - archival affairs: “Palestra and court books of Zemsky and Grodsky in ancient Poland” (1926) and others.

P. Dombkowski did not disregard acute at that time ethnic and religious problems in the lands of Galicia. In this area, he published the work “Politics of Russian Seymicists in the 17th — 18th Centuries. concerning Jews "(1917)," Economic relations of the Galician land "(1927). He did not bypass the problems of the foreign history of state and law: he investigated the content of “Russian Truth”, French law in Poland.

Engaged in Dombkowski and publishing. In 1925-1939 he issued "Historical and Legal Notes" (" Polish. Pamiętnik Historyczno-Prawny ") 13 volumes were published. Dombkovsky was the editor of the “Informant” about the meeting of the Scientific Society in Lviv. He founded the journal "Historical and Legal Guide" (" Polish. Przewodnik historyczno-prawny ", 1930), 5 volumes were published. ^[3]

Major works

• “Revenge, ransom, and reconciliation in Galician Rus in the 15th and first half of the 16th centuries” (1987);
• “The policy of Russian seymics in the XVII-XVIII centuries. concerning Jews ”(1917);
• “Prescriptions of the“ Russian Truth “on the side” (1919), “Economic relations in the Galician land in the 15th century” (1927),
• “Polish Private Law” (vols. 1-2, 1910-11). Lit .: Pamietnik trzydziestolecia pracy naukowej prof. dr. Przemyslawa Dabkowskiego, wydany staraniem Kolka histo-ryczno-prawnego sluchaczow Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza. 1897-1927. Lwow, 1927;
• “Palestra and court books of the Zemstvo and Grodsky in ancient Poland” (1926);
• "Economic relations of the Galician land" (1927)
• Administrative division of the Russian and Belz voivodships in the XV century ("Podział administracyjny województw i ruskiego bełzkiego w XV wieku z mapą")

For great scientific achievements and organizational activities in 1934 he was awarded the state order " Commander's Cross of Polonius Restitut " and the French order " Academic Palm Branches ". He was awarded the medal " For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. ".

At the age of 35, Dombkowski was elected a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow. In 1928 he was elected a member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia, 1929 - the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague, 1934 - Honorary Doctor (honoris cousa) of Amos Comenius University in Bratislava. He was an honorary member of scientific societies in Warsaw, Vilnius , Przemysl, Syanok , the French historical and legal society in Paris (since 1920). In 1936 he was elected, by prior agreement, a member of the Ukrainian Scientific Society. Taras Shevchenko in Lviv.

• "T. D Goshko." Dombkovsky Przemyslaw Bonifacievich // Encyclopedia of the history of Ukraine: in 10 volumes / editorial board: V. A. Smoliy (chairman) and others; Institute of History of Ukraine NAS of Ukraine. - K: Science. Thought, 2004. - T. 2: G - D - S. 441. - ISBN 966-00-0405-2 .
• "L. A. Zashkilnyak." Dombkovsky Przemyslaw Bonifacievich // Encyclopedia of modern Ukraine: in 30 volumes / ed. count I. M. Dziuba [et al.]; NAS of Ukraine, NOSH, Coordination Bureau of the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine NAS of Ukraine. - K., 2003-2016. - ISBN 944-02-3354-X . search online
• Koranyi K. Bibliografia prac Przemysława Dąbkowskiego (1897-1927). Lwów, 1927;
• Korolyuk V., Miller I.N. Dombkovsky. "Scientific notes of the Institute of Slavic Studies", 1951, v. 4;
• Kalinovich V. Professor Dombkovsky - an outstanding historian of law. “Scientific notes of the Lviv University. Legal Series ”, 1954, v. 27, no. 2;
• Grossman Yu. Prominent Slavic scholar Przemyslaw Dombkowski. "Problems of Slavic Studies", 1979, no. twenty.

• Przemyslaw Dombkowski - an outstanding historian of law (on the 130th anniversary of his birth)
• Dombkovsky Przemyslaw Bonifacievich