Prince Nikolai Alekseevich Golitsyn ( 1751 - 1809 ) - Russian dignitary and courtier from the Golitsyn clan: full chamberlain (1782), senator (1792), stalmeister (1796) [1] , privy councilor . The most famous for the creation of estates near Moscow Nikolskoe-Uryupino and Arkhangelsk .
| Nikolai Alekseevich Golitsyn | ||||
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 Golitsyn on the background of the estate Arkhangelsk. Artist B.-Sh. Mituar (?) | ||||
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| Birth | December 16 ( 27 ), 1751 | |||
| Death | December 4 ( 16 ), 1809 | |||
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Biography
Representative of the Golitsyn- Mikhailovich clan. The only son of Prince Alexei Dmitrievich Golitsyn (1697-1768), a senator , a real privy councilor and his second wife Agrafena Vasilievna (1709-1762), daughter of general-general V.F.Saltykov .
He spent his childhood in Moscow under the supervision of a French tutor, Hernandez. In addition to the French language, he studied Latin, geography, arithmetic and astronomy. Thanks to the energetic troubles of a Petersburg relative, Vice Chancellor A.M. Golitsyn , he was sent to Stockholm in September 1766, to the boarding house of a certain Mr. Mourier, and then in 1767 he went to Strasbourg University to study, where he studied for two years.
In 1770, Golitsyn made a trip that lasted more than three years in Europe : he was in Switzerland , Italy , France , England , Holland , the German principalities and Austria . In Rome, he became friends with the artist J.F. Hackert and took painting lessons from him. In Paris he was received at the court of the French king, every Tuesday he attended balls at Versailles and danced with Marie Antoinette . There Golitsyn fell in love with a certain Mademoiselle Renard and did not want to leave France. In the end, in 1773, the guardians managed to persuade him to return to Russia.
In the spring of 1773, Golitsyn accompanied to Berlin the langraphine of the Hesse-Darmstadt and her daughters on their trip to Russia. Two months after returning to St. Petersburg, he was granted the rank of chamber junker [1] and, according to the camera-furrier magazine, was at court almost daily. In 1777, after marrying his cousin, to avoid confusion, Golitsyn and his wife went abroad for three years. At the end of 1780 they returned to St. Petersburg and were again taken at court. In June 1782 he was made a real chamberlain, and in October he was sent to Stockholm "to express to the King of Sweden regret about the death of the Dowager Queen of Sweden and his congratulations on the birth of Prince Gustav" [2] .
As a theater-goer and amateur actor, in 1783-1786, Golitsyn was a member of the Committee for the management of spectacles and music and was at the small court of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich , with whom he was very friendly. According to Count F. G. Golovkin : “Prince Nikolai Golitsyn, a convert to a freethinker, imagined himself a statesman and consoled the Grand Duke about the jealousy that his wife arranged for him to become imprisoned after becoming emperor” [ 3] .
In 1792, Golitsyn became a senator, and on December 3, 1796, he became the stallmeister of the court and became one of the members of the expedition of state stud farms established under the Senate. In August 1798, he was among those who fell into disgrace and was exiled by Paul I to Moscow [4] , where he lived in his house on the corner of the Lubyanka and Kuznetsk Bridge, and devoted all his free time to constructing his estate in the village of Arkhangelsk, near Moscow. In addition to the construction of a new large palace in the style of classicism, Golitsyn also rebuilt the park. In its scope, the palace of Prince Golitsyn surpassed all estates near Moscow, even royal ones. He died in December 1809 and was buried in the family tomb at Nikolskoye-Uryupino estate [5] .
Family
Wife (from 11.06.1777) - Maria Adamovna Olsufieva (07.22.1757 - 12.13.1820), daughter of the cabinet secretary Adam Vasilievich Olsufiev from his second marriage with Marya Vasilyevna Saltykova. Her marriage with her cousin was scandalous and was one of the first marriages between relatives in Russia (the precedent was the marriage of Prince G. G. Orlov and his cousin Zinovieva ). One of the contemporaries wrote [6] :
Prince Orlov was the first to marry ... Prince Golitsyn, at the sight of his success and being also in love with his cousin, followed his example and was married in the same church, a few days later the Synod intervened ... so that Prince Golitsyn was forced to leave with his half abroad.
Having received almost no education, Maria Adamovna “loved to live happily and openly and made a decent hole in her husband’s wallet” [7] . Her family life was often overshadowed by her husband's hobbies. So, Prince I.M. Dolgorukov recalled how in 1786 Golitsyn was very in love with his bride, the girl Smirnova , and his passion for her reached such an extent that, despite his own marriage, he tried in every possible way to break Dolgorukov’s wedding, to seduce his bride and intrigue with her, which, however, he failed [8] . After the death of her husband, Maria Adamovna inherited the village of Arkhangelskoye, situated near him, which she sold for 100 thousand rubles in bank notes to Prince N. B. Yusupov for the next year. She died in St. Petersburg and was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra . Of all her children, only two sons and one daughter survived, the rest died at an early age:
- Agrafena Nikolaevna (1780—?), Was born in Paris, died in childhood.
- Alexey Nikolaevich (1781-1783), was born in St. Petersburg.
- Anna Nikolaevna (02/08/1786—?), Was baptized on February 10, 1786 in St. Isaac's Cathedral [9] , the goddaughter of the girl S. A. Eropkina.
- Dmitry Nikolaevich (03.15.1787 - 09.20.1812), was baptized on March 17, 1787 in St. Isaac’s Cathedral [10] , chamber junker and chamberlain of the court, in 1805 took part in the embassy of Count Yu. A. Golovkin, which was unsuccessful, in China . He served in the Caucasus as a captain; since 1809 he was adjutant to Count I.V. Gudovich . During the Patriotic War of 1812, as part of the Akhtyr Hussar Regiment, he participated in the Battle of Borodino , with the rank of major , was wounded and died in Vladimir, where he was buried [11] .
- Sergei Nikolaevich (1789—?), Died in childhood.
- Varvara Nikolaevna (12.10.1790—?)
- Mikhail Nikolaevich (1796-1863), participant in the Patriotic War of 1812, chamberlain; He was married to Princess Anna Nikolaevna Vyazemskaya (1796-1873).
- Maria Nikolaevna (1798-1812), was buried next to her mother at the Lazarevsky cemetery.
Dmitriy
Maria
Michael
Anna Vyazemskaya
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Volkov N.E. Prince Golitsyn, Nikolai Alekseevich // Shtalmeystery // List of all court ranks of the XVIII century by category and seniority of award // Court of Russian emperors in its past and present. - SPb. : Pechatnya R. Golike, 1900. - S. 168. - [2], VI, X, 246 p.
- ↑ N. N. Bantysh-Kamensky. Overview of external relations of Russia. - Part 4. - M., 1902. - S. 264.
- ↑ The court and reign of Paul I. Portraits, memoirs and jokes / Per. with french A. Kukel. Publ. according to the manuscript. - M .: Book publishing house “Sphinx”, 1912.
- ↑ Notes by E.F. Komarovsky. - M .: Zakharov, 2003 .-- S. 279.
- ↑ Sheremetevsky V.V. Golitsyn, Prince Nikolai Alekseevich // Russian Provincial Necropolis / Publisher led. Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich . - M .: Tipo-lit. t-va I.N. Kushnerev and Co. °, 1914. - T. 1. - P. 207. - IX, 1008 p.
- ↑ Princess N.P. Golitsyna. My fate is me. - M.: Russian World, 2010.S. - 48.
- ↑ Tales of a grandmother and memories of five generations, recorded and collected by her grandson D. Blagovo. - L .: Nauka, 1989.
- ↑ I. M. Dolgorukov. The temple of my heart, or the Dictionary of all those persons with whom I have been in different ways throughout my life. - M., 1997 .-- S. 68.
- ↑ TsGIA SPb. f.19. Op. 111. d.100. with. 2.
- ↑ TsGIA SPb. f.19. Op. 111. d.102. with. 3.
- ↑ Sheremetevsky V.V. Golitsyn, Prince Dmitry Nikolaevich // Russian Provincial Necropolis / Publisher led. Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich . - M .: Tipo-lit. t-va I.N. Kushnerev and Co. °, 1914. - T. 1. - S. 206-207. - IX, 1008 p.