Meshko Bytomsky (Nitransky, Veszprem) ( Polish. Mieszko bytomski , German. Mestko von Beuthen ; 1295/1305 - April 4 / August 10, 1344 ) - Prince of Sevezh (1312–1328, from 1315 - only nominally reigned), Bishop of Nitran ( 1328–1334) and Veszpremsky (1334–1344).
| Meshko Bytomskiy | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| polish Mieszko bytomski him Mestko von Beuthen | |||||||
| |||||||
| Predecessor | Casimir II Bytomsky | ||||||
| Successor | Vladislav Bytomsky | ||||||
| |||||||
| |||||||
| Birth | between 1295 and 1305 | ||||||
| Death | between April 4 and August 10, 1344 | ||||||
| Burial place | Veszprem Cathedral | ||||||
| Rod | Silesian Pyasta | ||||||
| Father | Casimir II Bytomsky | ||||||
| Mother | Helena | ||||||
| Religion | |||||||
Biography
The representative of the Silesian line of the Polish Piast dynasty . The youngest son of Prince Casimir Bytomsky (1253/1257 - 1312) and Helena, whose origin is unknown.
Being the youngest son, Mieszko from childhood was destined for a spiritual career. Despite this, in 1312, after the death of his father, Prince Kazimir Bytomsky, Mieszko participated in the division of his father's domain and took possession of the Sevezhsky principality on the border with Lesser Poland . However, he connected his career with the church, and already in 1313 he became a member of the Order of St. John .
Around 1315, Mieszko, together with his elder brother, Boleslav left for Hungary, where, with the support of his sister Maria Bytomskaya , the first wife of the King of Hungary, Carl Robert of Anjou , he received the position of Prior of the Hungarian province of the Order of Johannits . In 1318, under the written order of Pope Mieszko Bytomsky, he was forced to abandon this position. After his resignation, Mieszko remained a loyal assistant to his brother Boleslav Toshetsky , appointed in 1321 as the Bishop of Esthergomsk . In 1328, with the support of the Archbishop Boleslav Toshetsky, Mieszko received the rank of Bishop of Nitra . This appointment took place contrary to the opinion of the local chapter . The Archbishop of Östergomski Boleslav, who enjoyed the support of King Karl Robert and Queen Elizabeth , was able to secure the consent of the chapter as a result of the death threat to opponents of this appointment. Having taken the dignity of bishop , Meshko Bytomsky finally abandoned the principality of Sevezhsky in favor of Brother Wladyslaw , who had actually ruled this inheritance since 1315 .
The rule of Meshko at Nitra was not easy. Despite all the problems, he was fully involved in activities that were aimed at raising the profile of the episcopal capital. When it began to build a new cathedral (which was completed after his death in 1355 ).
In 1334, due to constant conflicts with the Nitran Chapter, Mieszko Bytomsky was appointed bishop in Veszprém (Western Hungary), having received the consent of the Pope of Rome and the local elite. During this time, he also served as Chancellor of the Queen of Hungary Elizabeth (who, of course, participated in the election of Meszko to the rank of bishop). For his duties as Chancellor Meshko, he annually received 500 hryvnia from the income of Queen Elizabeth.
During the last years of his life, Meshko continued to work closely with the Anjou dynasty , which ruled Hungary. In 1342, he participated in the coronation of the new King of Hungary, Louis (Lajos) the Great , with whom he also was in close relations.
Meshko Bytomsky died in 1344 and was buried in Veszpremsky Cathedral.
Literature
- Historische Kommission für Schlesien (Hrsg.): Geschichte Schlesiens. Band 1: Ludwig Petry, Josef Joachim Menzel, Winfried Irgang (Hrsg.): Von der Urzeit bis zum Jahre 1526. 5., durchgesehene Auflage. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1988, ISBN 3-7995-6341-5 , S. 145 und 149.
- Rudolf áček: Dějiny Slezska v datech. Nakladatelství Libri, Praha 2004, ISBN 80-7277-172-8 , S. 414 and 506.