The Hitachi Magic Wand (later renamed Magic Wand Original and Original Magic Wand, often referred to simply as Magic Wand) is an AC powered electric vibrating massager, originally made to relieve tension and relax muscles, but is known for its use as sex toys . The Japanese company Hitachi began selling the massager in the United States in 1968. Sex Enlightener popularized the use of a massager as a vibrator and masturbation for women during a sex-positive movement in the late 1960s. It functions effectively as a vibrator for the clitoris and is able to bring many women to orgasm . The vibrator weighs 540 g and consists of a handle 30 cm long and a rubberized head with a diameter of 64 mm.
Magic Wand's sales skyrocketed after the vibrator was featured in an episode of Sex and the City in 2002. Hitachi decided to cease production of the device in 2013 for fear that the company name would be associated with sex toys. Vibratex convinced the company to continue manufacturing the vibrator under the new name “Original Magic Wand” by removing the Hitachi name. In 2014, the company decided to use the name “Magic Wand Original”.
Scientists have investigated the use of this vibrator to achieve orgasm and help with chronic anorgasmia - sexual dysfunction in which a person cannot reach orgasm. In 1979, the published a study in which it was established that the best way to treat chronic anorgasmia is to use Magic Wand. In 2008, published a study in which more than 93% of a group of 500 chronic anorgasmatic women were able to achieve orgasm using Magic Wand and Betty Dodson's method. The device has been used in many studies, the results of which have been published in the journals , , , , and .
Magic Wand is sometimes referred to as “Cadillac Vibrators” [1] [2] [3] , “Rolls-Royce Vibrators” [4] [5] [6] and “the mother of all vibrators” [7] [8] [9] . Sexologists Bettina Arndt , Laura Berman , Gloria Brahme and Ruth Westheimer recommended women use this vibrator, and Cosmopolitan magazine reported that Magic Wand was the most popular toy recommended by sex therapists. Readers of Mobile Magazine in 2005 awarded Magic Wand the title "Best Gadget of All Time" [10] . In the film by Tanya Wexler, “ Without Tantrum!” ”During a demonstration of the evolution of vibrators, this massager was shown. Engadget called Magic Wand "the most recognizable sex toy on earth" [11] .
Design and Features
The length of the device is 30 centimeters, weight - 540 grams [1] [4] [11] . Stimulation of muscles and nerves is provided by a rubberized head measuring 6.4 centimeters, which is attached to the main part of the massager through a flexible neck [13] [14] . A cord with a length of 1.8 m is connected to the device to supply electric power from an electric network with an alternating current of 110 volts [11] [15] . There are no batteries in the massager [15] . The massager provides two vibration speeds - 5000 and 6000 rpm, which is equivalent to 83 Hz and 100 Hz - which are controlled by a switch on its body [11] [13] [16] . In particular, studies published in the journal Sexual and Relationship Therapy showed that Magic Wand operates at its low setting at 89 Hz, and at high at 101 Hz [15] . The displacement during vibration reaches 0.45 mm with an acceleration of 185.7 μg (0.002866 g) [15] . Since initially, when developing the device, its possible use for sexual stimulation was not taken into account, it exhibits some disadvantages of being used as a sex toy [11] . In addition to its size, volume and its dependence on the mains supply, which limits its portability, it is not waterproof or waterproof and overheats when used for more than 25 minutes and has only two speeds [11] . Also, this vibrator is not advised to take with you on trips, because it can cause flammability of outlets in some countries [17] [18] .
Due to the popularity of Magic Wand, a secondary market for components emerged, on which it became possible to purchase various nozzles from various materials with color variations and patterns [11] [13] . These nozzles were created by different companies that did not have any ties with Hitachi [19] . Without nozzles, the massager effectively functions as a clitoral vibrator that can help women achieve orgasm [20] . There are nozzles that are installed on the upper part of the device and are used for additional excitation of the clitoris [5] . A nozzle called “Wonder Wand” allows women to experience vibrations deep in the vagina [16] [21] . According to an article in the online journal “Dermatology”, “Wonder Wand” is made of a material containing plastic, which is easily cleaned after use [16] . There are nozzles made of silicone, designed to enhance the penetrating sensations of vibration or to change the texture of the device [22] . The nozzle, called the “G-Spotter,” approaches the device in the same way and turns the device into a G-spot stimulator. “Gee-Whiz” (also called “G-Whiz”) is a similar application used to stimulate the G-spot [4] [23] . The Fluffer Tip Wand Attachment can be placed on top of the device and can be used to simulate cunnilingus sensations [24] . “Liberator Axis” is a booster pillow that stabilizes the Magic Wand, so the user does not need to hold her hands during use [9] [25] . Nozzles were sold on Betty Dodson's website, which provided graphic instructions for using them with Magic Wand [16] [26] . The massager can be used by men without nozzles or with the “G-Whiz” nozzle; when applied to the penis, it gives pleasant sensations stimulating the prostate gland [4] . There is also a nozzle in the form of a cap that fits to the top of the device and can function as a male hand for masturbation [19] . In Japan, a nozzle for men is sold that helps stimulate the prostate through the rectum [27] .
History
Massager debut
Hitachi registered Magic Wand for commercial use with the US Patent and Trademark Office on April 25, 1968 [11] [12] . Kabushiki Kaisha Hitachi Seisakusho registered the Magic Wand trademark [28] . It became available to the US mass market in the 1970s and has been touted as a massage aid device [29] [30] . It is effective in relieving pain associated with back pain [30] [31] and is registered with the Food and Drug Administration as a therapeutic electric massager used for physiotherapy [32] . Magic Wand is declared by the manufacturer as a device for muscle relaxation, stress relief and rehabilitation assistance after sports injuries [11] [13] .
Contribution to female orgasm training
Magic Wand was very successful as a vibrator [11] [34] . Magic Wand gained such popularity thanks to the American sex education activist , who used it in demonstrations and classrooms to teach women masturbation techniques [11] [34] . Dodson began her activity in the sex-positive movement in the late 1960s [35] . She recommended that women place a small towel on their genitals in order to reduce vibration and prolong pleasant sensations [36] . Her technique became known as the “Betty Dodson Method” [37] . She conducted seminars called Bodysex, where fifteen naked women in supine position used Magic Wand each [38] . Each participant, during these two-hour workshops of group masturbation, was given one Magic Wand [39] . Using this technique, Dodson taught thousands of women to achieve orgasm [38] .
Dell Williams, the founder of the first feminist sex toy business in the United States, Eve's Garden, opened it after meeting Magic Wand in the early 1970s with Dodson [40] [41] . Williams noted that Magic Wand was her favorite toy because of its reliability and ability to give pleasure to the clitoris [42] . In 1974, Dodson, in his book Liberating Masturbation, recommended that readers use this device [19] . Until 1975, Dodson used the Panasonic Panabrator massager in her seminars, and in 1975 she replaced it with Magic Wand [11] . In 1977, Dodson recommended the device to , a former editor of the pornographic magazines and [11] . Hanson recalled her initial experience after receiving a recommendation from Dodson - she was instructed to buy Magic Wand, but she was also advised to exercise caution with regard to her emotional and physical influence, as it could cause addiction or habit. She noted that compared to her previous vibrator, powered by two type D batteries , Magic Wand was a much more effective toy [11] .
Magic Wand has become a bestseller in the sex shop since opening the store in 1977 [11] [33] . The store advertised the toy for women as a device for effective clitoral stimulation [43] . The device has become a solid bestseller in the United States in adult sex toy stores [19] . Among the women came the colloquial name of the toy, “Big Buzzy” (from the English - “Big Buzzy”) [26] [44] ; also the toy was simply called “The Hitachi” [3] [19] [45] [46] . In the 1980s, the device was advertised on the last pages of [11] . It became popular among women and was featured on the cover of the 1976 book Good Vibrations: The New Complete Guide to Vibrators by [26] [47] . In 1992, on the 15th anniversary of the opening of the Good Vibrations sex shop, his managers ordered a batch of chocolate in the form of a Magic Wand massager [38] . Hitachi's headquarters sales team partially funded the creation of these chocolates [38] . In addition, Hitachi executives additionally purchased 500 chocolates in the form of a massager, which were distributed the same year at a conference dedicated to company sales [38] .
In 1995, the Good Vibes Gazette interviewed sex shopper buyers and asked them to give their opinions on sex toys. As a result of the survey, Magic Wand was called an outstanding toy [48] . 1995's censorship book, Forbidden Passages: Writings Banned in Canada — which also described works confiscated by Canadian authorities for “indecency” — contained a chapter written by a woman who used Magic Wand to relieve pain [49] . In 1997, Magic Wand was the most popular holiday gift sold at Good Vibrations in Berkeley, California. [50] Out magazine wrote that Magic Wand was a bestseller among sex toys in 1998 [2] . The Canadian conservative magazine criticized another, , for writing in 1999 about the growing popularity of Magic Wand and other sex toys among women. [51] In 1999, Magic Wand was advertised to consumers as a “personal massager” [52] . The Village Voice magazine wrote that the device was advertised by the company as a “home electric massager” [53] . According to an article in The Village Voice, the device survived all subsequent inventions from rival companies, and remained a bestseller [53] . When, in 1999, The Village Voice reporters contacted Hitachi's director of public relations Jerry Corbett, he emphasized the original purpose of the product: “Obviously, [Magic Wand] is a simple product. There are no subtexts beyond the usual therapeutic use ” [53] [54] .
Vibratex
In 2000, Hitachi began to disagree with Appliance Corporation of America, the distributor of Hitachi products in America, including Magic Wand [1] . Sales of the device in the United States temporarily ceased [1] . In June 2000, Hitachi entered into an agreement with California-based sex toy company to sell the device in the United States [1] . From that moment on, Vibratex sold the device in the USA until 2014 [11] [28] . Urologist and sexual dysfunction specialist Jed Kaminetsky told The New York Observer in 2000 that Magic Wand has a distinguished reputation [1] . He said that he recommends the device to patients who have difficulty achieving orgasm during masturbation [1] . Kaminetsky discovered that Magic Wand helps to achieve orgasm most effectively and is one of the best vibrators available [1] .
The use of a neck massager for a purpose other than the stated one was popularized in 2002 by the episode “ Critical Situation ” of the fifth season of the television series “ Sex and the City ” [19] [55] [56] . One of the heroines of the episode, Samantha Jones, came to the store to buy a vibrator, but the store told her that it was a neck massager [19] [55] [56] . Shortly after showing Sex and the City in this episode, the supplies of the Magic Wand massager were sold out in all stores [57] [58] . Journalist Naomi Woolf wrote in The Sunday Times that in the process of preparing an article about the catalog of Good Vibrations sex shop female toys, she discovered that the store had sold all of its stock of Magic Wand by showing the device in the series [59] . A similar event occurred with the vibrator “ ”, whose popularity grew after the show in 1998 in “Sex and the City” [57] [60] [61] [62] . According to Andy Isaacson, who wrote the chapter in Best Sex Writing 2013 , a simple demonstration of these sex toys in Sex and the City greatly changed their cultural perception in the United States [60] .
The Times newspaper noted that when the vibrator appeared on sale in the United Kingdom in 2004, it was a relative novelty in that market [13] . wrote in an article in The Seattle Times in 2006 that the anti-vibratory laws of Alabama , Georgia, and Texas do not apply to Magic Wand since it does not look like a phallic object in its appearance [63] . The device and in 2006 was one of the best-selling masturbators [64] .
In 2011, the final credits of the film “ Without Tantrum!” » режиссёра Тани Векслер показали Magic Wand среди других вибраторов в видеомонтаже, демонстрирующем их эволюцию [65] . В августе 2012 года американский кинорежиссёр Клейтон Кубитт использовал Magic Wand в своей видеоарт-выставке, названной Hysterical Literature [66] [67] [68] . В рамках видеопроекта женщины, стимулируемые Magic Wand, сидели на стуле и зачитывали произведения литературы [66] . Каждое видео заканчивалось женским оргазмом [66] . В своих статьях для газетного издательства The McClatchy Company, Чак Шепард назвал это «великим искусством» [67] [68] .
Ребрендинг
Из-за опасений по поводу того, что её имя связано с популярной сексуальной игрушкой, компания Hitachi решила прекратить производство Magic Wand в 2013 году [11] . Эдди Ромеро, директор по операциям компании Vibratex, рассказал Engadget , что Hitachi является чрезвычайно солидной компанией и испытывает неудобства, когда её связывают с самым продаваемым мастурбатором [11] . Компания Vibratex убедила компанию Hitachi продолжить производство устройства, переименовать его в Original Magic Wand (с англ. — «Оригинальная волшебная палочка»), использовать более легкие и долговечные материалы и убрать все упоминания Hitachi [11] . Вновь названное устройство вернулось в продажу 25 июня 2013 года, с улучшенными техническими характеристиками и изменённым графическим дизайном на упаковке [19] [69] . Оно продавалось магазином Good Vibrations под названием Original Magic Wand Vibrator [69] .
Компания Hitachi не рекламировала обновлённое устройство для сексуальных целей [70] . В 2014 году Бетти Додсон рассказала Engadget , что устройство по-прежнему является её любимым вибратором [11] . 5 мая 2014 года устройство было показано в комедийном сегменте телевизионной программы « Луи » на телеканале FX [71] [72] . В 2014 году продажи устройства компанией Vibratex составили 250 000 экземпляров [11] . В ноябре 2014 года доцент акушерства и гинекологии Лия Милхайзер написала рекомендацию по использованию Magic Wand [73] . Она прокомментировала веб-сайту Yahoo! Health что устройство помогает женщинам с достижением оргазма после менопаузы , а также улучшает сексуальные способности и самооценку [73] .
Научные исследования
Сексуальные применения
Многие учёные обсуждали использование Magic Wand для лечения хронической аноргазмии — типа сексуальной дисфункции, при которой человек не может достичь оргазма, и другие сексуальные проблемы, включая [37] [74] [75] [76] . В исследовании, опубликованном в 1979 году в , анализировалось обучение техникам самостоятельной мастурбации женщин из группы лиц испытывающих трудности с достижением оргазма. Исследователи раздали женщинам Magic Wand, чтобы помочь возбудить клитор и повысить вероятность того, что они испытают оргазм. Они нашли, что самостоятельное использование Magic Wand является наиболее эффективным способом решения проблем, связанных с достижением оргазма [74] .
В 2008 году журнал опубликовал исследование, в котором женщинам с хроническими проблемами в достижении оргазма были даны инструкции с использованием документации от Бетти Додсон. По их словам, большая головная часть Magic Wand эффективно создавала ощущения вибрации в области клитора и вульвы без какого-либо неприятного ощущения. Исследование показало, что более 93 % из группы из 500 хронически аноргазматических женщин могут достичь оргазма, используя Magic Wand и метод Бетти Додсон [37] . Исследование журнала Scientific World Journal впоследствии обсуждалось в обзоре литературы, опубликованном в 2010 году журналом [77] . В 2011 году Бат Шева Маркус опубликовала в журнале The Journal of Sexual Medicine статью, в которой оценивала изменения в сексуальных ожиданиях женщин после предоставления им Magic Wand для повышения уровня их сексуального опыта [75] .
Кейт Нафтали и Эдит МакХэтти из Исследовательской сети по вопросам здоровья инвалидов, под руководством врачей Андрея Красиукова и Стейси Л. Эллиотт, в своей работе Pleasure Able: Sexual Device Manual for Persons with Disabilities рекомендовали людям с ограниченными возможностями использовать Magic Wand. Авторы писали, что человек с устройством должен иметь возможность находиться в сознании во время всего процесса. Они также написали, что Magic Wand полезна людям, у которых движения рук ограничены [23] .
В 2011 году на конференции авторы Анна Иглин и Шоуэн Бардцелл обсудили Magic Wand в контексте устройств, используемых для сексуального удовлетворения, и которые изначально не были созданы для этой цели [78] . Исследование 2012 года, опубликованное в журнале Sexual and Relationship Therapy , оценило семь вибраторов для использования в клинической терапии для сексуальной стимуляции [15] . Они обнаружили, что Magic Wand демонстрирует высокую подвижность в движениях и колебаниях [15] . Исследователи предположили, что их данные могут быть использованы терапевтами для выбора оптимального вибратора, который может обеспечить как эффективность, так и чувствительность для их клиентов [15] .
Links
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Goldman, Andrew . Panic in Bedrooms as Magic Wand, Cadillac of Vibrators, Disappears (англ.) , The New York Observer (12 June 2000), С. 1. Архивировано 13 июля 2011 года. Дата обращения 27 сентября 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 James Collard . We still know what you did last year, Out (январь 1999), С. 69.
- ↑ 1 2 Good Vibrations (англ.) // Shape Magazine . — Weider Publications, 2014. — January ( vol. 35 , no. 5 ). — P. 146 . — ISSN 0744-5121 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Venning, Rachel; Claire Cavanah. Sex Toys 101. — Touchstone, 2003. — С. 46–47, 53. — ISBN 978-0743243513 .
- ↑ 1 2 Hooper, Anne; Philip Hodson. 269 Amazing Sex Tips and Tricks for Women. — Robson Books Ltd, 2006. — С. 102. — ISBN 978-1-86105-959-8 .
- ↑ Krychman, Michael L. 100 Questions & Answers About Women's Sexual Wellness and Vitality. — Jones & Bartlett Learning. — С. 91–92. — ISBN 978-0763754488 .
- ↑ Gallagher, Melinda; Emily Kramer. The Hot Woman's Handbook: The CAKE Guide to Female Sexual Pleasure. — Atria Books, 2007. — С. 54, 61, 68–72, 83, 87, 125. — ISBN 978-0-7434-9626-1 .
- ↑ Masters, Gwen . Getting Off Quick with Babeland , Clean Sheets (21 ноября 2007). Архивировано 24 ноября 2007 года. Дата обращения 7 ноября 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Tallon-Hicks, Yana . Can't Touch This, Valley Advocate (6 декабря 2012).
- ↑ Diluna, Amy . Trend Spotting. What people are talking about, New York Daily News , Daily News LP (26 июня 2005), С. 26.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Trout, Christopher . The 46-year-old sex toy Hitachi won't talk about (англ.) , Engadget (28 August 2014). Архивировано 27 августа 2014 года. Дата обращения 30 августа 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 United States Patent and Trademark Office . Detailed trademark information from the official US federal trademark database (USPTO): Magic Wand , Markify , Word Mark: Magic Wand. Live/Dead Indicator: Live. Serial Number: 72298601. Filing Date: 20 May 1968. Registration Number: 0867623. Registration Date: 1 April 1969. International Class: 010. In International Class 010 (US 044): Electric Massager. First Use: 25 April 1968. First Use in Commerce: 25 April 1968. Owner (Registrant): Hitachi Sales Corporation. Address: 48–50 34th St. City: Long Island City. State: NY. Postcode: 11101. Legal Entity Type: Corporation. Last Listed Owner: Hitachi Living Systems, Ltd. Address: 2-15-12 Nishi Shinbashi, Minato-KU. City: Tokyo. Country: JP. Legal Entity Type: Corporation. Correspondent: Jill Anderfuren. Marshall Gerstein & Borun LLP. 63rd Floor. 233 S. Wacker Drive. Chicago IL 60606. Attorney: Jill Anderfuren. Design Search Code: N/A. Mark Description: N/A. Current Filing Basis: 1A. Original Filing Basis: 1A. Published for Opposition: N/A. Current Status: Registered and Renewed. Change In Registration: Change in registration has occurred. International Registration: N/A. Type of Mark: Trademark. Register: Principal. (2012). Архивировано 30 сентября 2014 года. Дата обращения 20 сентября 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Godson, Suzi . The Vibrator Comes of Age, The Times , London: Times Newspapers Limited (11 декабря 2004), С. 14; Section: Features; Body & Soul.
- ↑ Eaton, Catherine. Be you own best sex teacher (англ.) // Cosmopolitan . — Hearst Communications, 1996. — May ( vol. 220 , no. 5 ). — P. 108 . — ISSN 0010-9541 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Prause, Nicole; Roberts, Verena; Legarretta, Margaret; Rigney Cox, Liva M. Clinical and research concerns with vibratory stimulation: a review and pilot study of common stimulation devices (англ.) // Sexual and Relationship Therapy . — Routledge , 2012. — February ( vol. 27 , no. 1 ). — P. 17–34 . — ISSN 1468-1994 . — DOI : 10.1080/14681994.2012.660141 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Smith MD, Kevin C; Stephen L Comite MD; Suprina Balasubramanian; Alan Carver MD; Judy F Liu. Vibration anesthesia: A noninvasive method of reducing discomfort prior to dermatologic procedures (англ.) // Dermatology Online Journal . — UC Davis; eScholarship University of California; California Digital Library, 2004. — Vol. 10 , no. 2 — P. 1 . — PMID 15530291 .
- ↑ Arts & Entertainment, Valley Advocate (10 ноября 2011). «Though it packs a punch like no other, it's bulky, only has two speeds, must be plugged into the wall with a 12-foot cord, and is known for blowing up foreign electrical sockets.».
- ↑ Arts & Entertainment, Valley Advocate (22 апреля 2011). «If you're flying internationally, leave the plug-in Hitachi Magic Wand at home (it blows up foreign sockets) and read up on laws regarding sexuality, as no toy is worth legal trouble abroad.».
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Stuart, Laura Anne . The Rebirth of the Magic Wand (англ.) (19 April 2013). Архивировано 23 апреля 2013 года. Дата обращения 6 мая 2013.
- ↑ Tallon-Hicks, Yana . Hitachi Me Baby, One More Time , Valley Advocate (10 ноября 2011). Архивировано 14 ноября 2011 года. Дата обращения 27 сентября 2014.
- ↑ Gentry, Cynthia. The Bedside Orgasm Book: 365 Days of Sexual Ecstasy. — Fair Winds Press, 2005. — С. 170, 209, 272, 364. — ISBN 978-1-59233-101-7 .
- ↑ News & Commentary, Valley Advocate (4 ноября 2010). «The Hitachi Magic Wand, with a reputation for releasing even the most stubborn orgasm, brings a powerful buzz to all the right places (instead of uncomfortably rattling the handle). Separately sold removable silicone tops add extra texture or penetration options».
- ↑ 1 2 Naphtali, Kate; Edith MacHattie; Andrei Krassioukov; Stacy L Elliott. Pleasure Able: Sexual Device Manual for Persons with Disabilities . — Disabilities Health Research Network, 2009. — С. 10, 22. Архивировано 27 декабря 2010 года.
- ↑ Buntin, Julie. In search of the ultimate orgasm (англ.) // Cosmopolitan . — Hearst Communications, 2014. — February ( vol. 256 , no. 2 ). — P. 120 . — ISSN 0010-9541 .
- ↑ Arts & Entertainment, Valley Advocate (26 января 2012).
- ↑ 1 2 3 Hersh, Sunny. Is It Hot in Here, Or Am I Just Hot?. — Fast Forward Publications, 2007. — С. 29. — ISBN 978-0-9743093-3-0 .
- ↑ 【フェアリーミニ用アタッチメント】エネマ 【アダルト】 . Amazon . Дата обращения 2 октября 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Brooks, Deanna; Pennelope Jimenez; Serria Tawan. The Bunny Book. — Chronicle Books, 2007. — С. 129, 192. — ISBN 978-0-8118-5402-3 .
- ↑ Isaacson, Andy . Can a Better Vibrator Inspire an Age of Great American Sex?, Atlantic: Web Edition Articles , The Atlantic Monthly Company (14 мая 2012).
- ↑ 1 2 Peasgood, Julie. The Greatest Guide to Sex. — Greatest Guides Limited, 2012. — С. 121. — ISBN 978-1-907906-02-2 .
- ↑ Hutcherson, Hilda. Pleasure: A Woman's Guide to Getting the Sex You Want, Need and Deserve. — Perigee Trade, 2006. — С. 223–224. — ISBN 978-0399532863 .
- ↑ Food and Drug Administration . Proprietary Name: Electric massager; Hitachi Magic Wand; HV-250R; Personal Magic Wand; Vibratex Magic Wand; HV-260 , Establishment Registration & Device Listing , Classification Name: Massager, Therapeutic, Electric. Product Code: ISA. Device Class: 1. Regulation Number: 890.5660. Medical Specialty: Physical Medicine. Registered Establishment Name: Hitachi Maxell, LTD. Registered Establishment Number: 1000164900. Owner/Operator: Hitachi Maxell, LTD. Owner/Operator Number: 9020590. Establishment Operations: Specification Developer. (2014). Архивировано 20 сентября 2014 года. Дата обращения 24 октября 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Blank, Joani. Good Vibrations: The New Complete Guide to Vibrators. — Down There Press, 1998. — С. 10–13. — ISBN 978-0-940208-26-1 .
- ↑ 1 2 Westheimer, Ruth K. Sex for Dummies. — Wiley Publishing, Inc, 2007. — С. 204–206. — ISBN 978-0-470-04523-7 .
- ↑ Feminists Who Changed America, 1963–1975. — University of Illinois Press , 2006. — С. 120–121. — ISBN 978-0252031892 .
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- ↑ Eaglin, Anna; Shaowen Bardzell. Sex toys and designing for sexual wellness. - Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ; CHI EA '11 CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems; The ACM Digital Library is published by the Association for Computing Machinery, ACM, Inc., 2011. - pp. 1837–1842. - ISBN 978-1-4503-0268-5 . - DOI : 10.1145 / 1979742.1979879 .