The deaf alveoli-palatal affricata is a consonant sound that exists in some languages. In the International Phonetic Alphabet is written as ⟨t͡ɕ⟩ (previously - ⟨ʨ⟩). The softest among the sizzling affricate: / t͡ɕ / - / t͡ʃ / - / ʈ͡ʂ / [1] .
| Deaf alveolo-palatal affricata | |
|---|---|
| t͡ɕ | |
Picture
| |
| MFA number | 215 |
| Unicode (hex) | t͡ɕ |
| HTML (decimal) | & # 680; |
| X-SAMPA | ts \ |
Some scientists use the symbol of a deaf post-alveolar affricate - / t͡ʃ / or its palatalized version - / t для / to designate / t͡ɕ / [1] to designate this sound.
In Russian, this sound is transmitted by letter h .
Content
Properties
Properties of deaf alveolo-palatal affricates:
- Articulation - sibilant affricate, that is, first, the air flow is completely blocked, and then sent to the back of the tongue at the place of articulation on the incisors, and causes a high-frequency twist.
- Articulation is alveopalatal, that is, the sound is created by contact with the palate in the area behind the alveolar tubercle (gum line), and the middle part of the tongue rises to the hard palate.
- This oral consonant, that is, the air comes out through the mouth.
- This is a central consonant, that is, the air passes over the central part of the tongue, and not on the sides.
- The mechanism of air transfer is pulmonary, that is, during articulation, air is pushed exclusively through the lungs and diaphragm, and not from the larynx, or from the mouth.
Examples of the use of sound in languages
| Tongue | Word | MFA | Value | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catalan [2] | All dialects | fle tx a | [ˈFɫet͡ɕə] | 'arrow' | See . |
| Valencia | x ec | [ˈT͡ɕek] | 'check' | ||
| Chinese | Cantonese | 豬 / z yu¹ | [tɕyː˥] listen | 'pig' | Contrasts with the aspirated form. Allophone / t͡s /, usually before the front top vowels / iː /, / ɪ /, / yː /. See . |
| Mandarin | 北京 / Běi j īng | [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥] listen | ' Beijing ' | Contrast with aspirated form. Some speakers pronounce it palatalized. In the general distribution with [t͡s] , [k] , and [ʈ͡ʂ] . See . | |
| Danish [3] | tj ener | [ˈT͡ɕe̝ːnɐ] | 'serve' | The normal implementation of the series / tj / . See . | |
| Japanese | 知人 / ti jing | [t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ] | 'familiar' | See . | |
| Korean | 집 / j ip | [t͡ɕip̚] | 'house' | See . | |
| Norwegian | tj ern | [t͡ɕæɳ] | 'pond' | See the . | |
| Polish [4] | ć ma | [t͡ɕmä] listen | 'butterfly' | See Polish phonology . | |
| Romanian | Banat dialect [5] | fra t e | [frat͡ɕe] | 'brother' | One of the most distinct phonological features of the Banat dialect. Complies with / t / in standard Romanian language. See . |
| Russian | h ut | [t͡ɕʉtʲ] | 'a little' | See Russian phonology . | |
| Sumi [6] | aki ch i | [̠̠kìt͡ɕì] | 'mouth' | Allophones are possible / t͡ʃ / before / i, e / ; can be implemented as / t͡ʃ / instead [7] . | |
| Serbo-Croatian | Lov en / Lov ć en | [ɫǒ̞ʋt͡ɕe̞n] | ' Lovchen ' | Combined with / t͡ʃ / in most Croatian and some Bosnian accents. See . | |
| Luzhitsky | Nizhneluzhitsky [8] | š ć it | [ɕt͡ɕit̪] | 'protection' | |
| Swedish | Finland | kj ol | [t͡ɕuːl] | 'skirt' | See . |
| Thai [9] | จาน | [t͡ɕaːn] | 'dish' | Contrast with aspirated form. | |
| Uzbek [10] | example is required | ||||
| Vietnamese | ch a | [t͡ɕa] | 'father' | See Vietnamese phonology . | |
| Xumi / Shixing (language) | Nizhneksumsky [11] | [ H t͡ɕɐ] | 'star' | ||
| Verkhneksumsky [12] | [ H t͡ɕɜ] | ||||
| Nose / I | ꏢ / j i | [t͡ɕi˧] | 'sour' | Contrasts with aspirated and non- aspirated forms. | |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Wells, 2014 , p. 98-99.
- ↑ Wheeler, 2005 , p. 12.
- ↑ Grønnum, 2005 , p. 148.
- ↑ Jassem, 2003 , p. 105
- ↑ Pop, 1938 , p. 29.
- ↑ Teo, 2014 , p. 24
- ↑ Teo, 2014 .
- ↑ Zygis, 2003 , pp. 180-181.
- ↑ Tingsabadh, Abramson, 1993 , p. 24
- ↑ Sjoberg, 1963 , p. 12.
- ↑ Chirkova, Chen, 2013 , p. 365.
- ↑ Chirkova, Chen, Kocjančič Antolík, 2013 , p. 382.
Literature
- Chirkova, Katia & Chen, Yiya (2013), " Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Shangroo River ", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, T. 43 (3): 363-379 , doi : 10.1017 / S0025100313000157 , < http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/published/KC2013Xumi1.pdf > (inaccessible link)
- Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya & Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), " Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Shivers, " Journal of the International Phonetic Association Vol . 43 (3): 381–396, doi : 10.1017 / S0025100313000169 , < http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/published/KC2013Xumi2.pdf > (inaccessible link)
- Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 978-87-500-4045-3 , < https://books.google.com/books?id = 9RtCAgAAQBAJ >
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), " Polish ", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, Vol . 33 (1): 103–107 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100303001191
- Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român , Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
- Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar , vol. 18, Uralic and Altaic Series, Bloomington: Indiana University
- Teo, Amos B. (2014), A phonological and phonetic description of the Sumi, a Nabaland , Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5 , < https: // digitalcollections. anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/12015/1/Teo%20A%20phonological%20and%20phonetic%20description%20of%20Sumi%202014.pdf >
- Tingsabadh, MR Kalaya & Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), " Thai ", Journal of the International Phonetic Association Vol . 23 (1): 24–26 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100300004746
- Wheeler, Max W. (2005), The Phonology of Catalan , Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-925814-7
- Zygis, Marzena (2003), " Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of Slavic Sibilant Fricatives ", ZAS Papers in Linguistics T. 3: 175-213 , < http://www.zas.gwz-berlin.de/fileadmin/material/ZASPiL_Volltexte /zp32/zaspil32-zygis.pdf >
- Wells JC Sounds Interesting: Observations on English and General Phonetics. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. - 217 p. - ISBN 978-1-107-07470-5 .