The Ahmet Pasha Agreement ( Pers. عهدنامه احمد پاشا , Tour. Ahmet Paşa Antlaşması ) - a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Sefevtdi Iran , signed on January 10, 1732 .
Content
Prerequisites
The Serav Peace and Zuhab Peace put an end to the feud of the Safavids and the Ottomans in the 17th century. However, during the short period of the rule of the Afghan Hotaki dynasty , chaos broke out in Iran, which caused fights on the fronts. Particularly fierce confrontation was in the Caucasus . Meanwhile, Peter I began to occupy the Iranian territories in the North and South Caucasus. His conquests were subsequently consolidated by the St. Petersburg Peace Treaty in 1723. Concerned by the strengthening of Russia in the Caucasus, the Ottomans decided to occupy Tbilisi in order to stop the Russian offensive, but the capture of the city turned into a long Ottoman-Safavid war.
War
Between 1723 and 1730, the Ottomans, in addition to Tbilisi, captured Yerevan and Ganja , which brought control over the South Caucasus. In the southern direction (Western Iran), the following were captured: Tabriz , Urmia , Khorramabad [1] , Kermanshah and Hamedan. In 1724, the Constantinople Agreement was signed between the Russians and the Turks, which enshrined the division of the above-mentioned Iranian territories between the two empires. But after Tahmasp II came to power, the Ottoman army’s attack was interrupted. Tired of war, the parties decided to end the conflict. Ahmet Pasha from the Turkish side and Mehmet Reza-Kulu and the Persian signed a peace treaty. [2] [3]
Regulation
The terms of the agreement were as follows:
- For the Ottomans kept the Caucasian territories, mined during the war [4] .
- The Ottoman Empire returned the territory in Western Iran, except for the cities of Kermanshah and Hamadan , Sefevіdskomu Iran [5] [6] .
- From now on, the border lay along the Araks River .
Implications
The signing of the treaty meant a truce rather than a long-term peace, since neither Sultan Mahmoud I, nor the then commander-in-chief of the Persian troops, Nader Shah, could accept the losses of the territories. Subsequently, during the reign of Nadir Shah , Afsharid Iran was able to regain lost territory.
Notes
- ↑ Somel, Selcuk Aksin. Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire . - Scarecrow Press. - P. xlvi. - ISBN 978-0810866065 .
- ↑ Professors. Yaşar Yücel-Prof Ali Sevim: “Türkiye tarihi vol.III”, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, 1991, pp. 282-290
- ↑ Professors. Yaşar Yücel-Prof Ali Sevim: "Türkiye tarihi vol.IV", AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, 1991, 3-4
- ↑ On line document (in Turkish) (not available link) . The date of circulation is January 19, 2018. Archived July 28, 2012.
- ↑ Erewants'i, Abraham. History of the wars: (1721-1736) / Abraham Erewants'i, George Bournoutian. - Mazda Publishers, 1999. - P. 2. - “(...) Without following Nadir’s advice, Shah Tahmasp set out on a campaign to expel the Turks from the South Caucasus. The Ottomans defeated the Persian troops in 1731, and in January 1732 the Shah concluded an agreement according to which Armenia, Shirvan and Hamadan were in the hands of the Turks. ”. - ISBN 978-1568590851 .
- Go A goston, Ga bor. Bruce Alan Masters. - Infobase Publishing, 2010. - p. 415-416. “But while Nadir sought to gain territory in the East, Shah Tahmasp again initiated a clash, trying to regain the lost territory. He was defeated and forced to sign an agreement according to which Tabriz returned, but left Kermanshah and Hamadan in the hands of the Turks. Nadir was angered by the terms of the treaty ... (...) ”. - ISBN 978-1438110257 .
Sources
- Somel, Selcuk Aksin. The Ottoman Empire . - Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. - P. liii. - ISBN 978-0810875791 .
- Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2010). The Ottoman Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. liii. ISBN 978-0-8108-7579-1 .
- Məktəblinin tarix lüğəti. Bakı, 2011.