Svyatoslav (battleship, 1769)

The representative of a series of sailing three-pointed battleships of the type “Saint Paul”. Ships of this type were built from 1743 to 1770 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty . In total, 10 battleships were built as part of the series ^{[comm. 1]} . The length of the ship was 55.5 meters ^{[comm. 2]} , width - 14.1 meters ^{[comm. 3]} , and the draft is 6.3 ^{[comm. 4]} meters. The original armament of the ship consisted of 80 guns, but during the time of timberovka in Portsmouth in 1769-1770 to improve the seaworthiness of the ship was removed the upper deck and it was converted into 72-gun ^{[1] [2] [3]} .

The battleship Svyatoslav was laid down in the St. Petersburg Admiralty on June 13 ( 24 ), 1766 and after launching on May 29 ( June 9 ), 1769 , it became part of the Baltic Fleet of Russia . The construction was conducted by the shipmaster I. V. Yames ^{[3] [4] [5]} .

He took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. In 1769 he was included in the First Archipelago squadron of Rear Admiral G. A. Spiridov , on July 27 ( August 7 ) left Kronstadt and on August 6 (17) joined the rest of the squadron ships in the area of Bornholm Island. However , on August 9 (20) the ship opened a leak, and he was forced to leave the squadron and leave for Revel ^{[comm. 5]} , where on August 12 (23) was entered into the harbor for repairs. On October 17 (28), the ship was corrected and left Revel, and on November 24 ( December 5 ) arrived at the Elsinore raid to the Second Archipelago squadron of Rear Admiral D. Elphinstone . On December 4 (15), as part of this squadron, he left the Elsinore raid, and on December 27, 1769 ( January 7, 1770 ) arrived in Portsmouth, where he was put in a docking station. Ibid . Barsha was replaced by Captain 1st Rank S. P. Khmetevsky ^{[3] [6] [7]} in the same position as captain of the brigadier rank captain.

On April 2 ( 13 ), 1770 , the squadron, which also included Svyatoslav, moved from Portsmouth to the Mediterranean . Following the route of Finisterre - Gibraltar - Malta , on May 11 ( 22 ), 1770 , the squadron arrived at Kolokifsky Bay, where troops of the troops brought from Russia landed in the port of Rupino, and the next day the squadron of the squadron again sailed to search for enemy ships. On May 16 (27), a Turkish squadron was discovered and attacked near the island by a spice; under the onslaught of Russian ships, it was forced to flee to the batteries of the Napoli di Romagna fortress in Navpli Bay. However, the next day, on May 11 (28), Russian ships attacked this squadron. On May 22 ( June 2 ), archipelago squadrons of D. Elphinstone and G. A. Spiridov were connected, and Svyatoslav was part of the combined squadron to search for the Turkish fleet ^{[8] [9]} .

On June 24 ( July 5 ) the ship took part in the Battle of Chios, in which, under the flag of Rear Admiral D. Elphinstone, he was in the rear guard ^[4] .

On July 1 (12) he headed a squadron directed to blockade the Dardanelles Strait. WITH14 ( 25 ) until July 16 (27) the squadron under the fire of the enemy coastal batteries tried to enter the strait, but later took up a position in front of its entrance. On September 5 (16), the ships of the squadron were recalled to the fleet commander, Count A. Orlov, and leaving the Dardanelles, headed for the island of Lemnos to join the rest of the fleet. The next day, when approaching Lemnos, the fault of the pilot Gordon "Svyatoslav" sat on the northern reef of the island. The remaining ships of the squadron came to the aid of the ship in distress, but because of the stormy weather, the work to rescue the ship was difficult. For six days, work continued on the removal of the crew of the ship, Rear Admiral D. Elphinstone was removed from the ship on the fourth day, the ship’s commander V. Roksburg left the ship last 12 (23) September . Cargo rescue continued until September 27 ( October 8 ), but by the end of the work the ship itself was completely broken by the waves and that the enemy did not get on the same day ^{[comm. 6]} set on fire ^{[3] [4] [10]} .

During the shipwreck, none of the crew members died. Rear Admiral D. Elphinstone was accused by the court of taking on the service of an ignorant pilot and excessive trust in him, but he was not sentenced. Pilot Gordon was sentenced to death , but he managed to escape ^[10] .

Subsequently, D. Elphinstone wrote to Count Panin the following ^[11] :

The commander of the fleet, Count A. G. Orlov, wrote about this event to Rear Admiral G. A. Spiridov as follows ^[12] :

The commanders of the battleship Svyatoslav at various times served ^[4] :

• Brigadier rank captain I. Ya. Barsh (1769) ^[13] ;
• Captain 1st Rank S.P. Khmetevsky (from January to June 1770) ^[9] ;
• Captain 1st Rank V.V. Roksburg (since June 1770).

Comments

References to sources

• Veselago F. F. List of Russian military courts from 1668 to 1860. - SPb. : Maritime Ministry Printing House, 1872. - 798 p.
• Veselago F. F. The General Maritime List from the base of the fleet until 1917. - SPb. : “Atlant”, 2013. –T. 2 / from the death of Peter the Great before the accession to the throne of Catherine II. - 464 s. - (Military history library). - ISBN 978-5-906200-03-7 .
• Chernyshev A. А. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing, 1997. - T. 1. - 312 p. - (Ships and vessels of the Russian fleet). - 10 000 copies - ISBN 5-203-01788-3 .
• A. B. Shirokorad. 200 Years of the Sailing Fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: “Veche”, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .
• A. Sokolov. The annals of the wrecks and fires of the ships of the Russian fleet, from the beginning of it in 1854 . - SPb. : Printing house of the Imperial Academy of Sciences , 1855. - 393 p.