Tomsk Thermal Power Station-1

Station Foundation

The project of the first Siberian power plant dates back to 1891. By that time, the city authorities had repeatedly raised the issue of lighting the streets of the city. In July 1891, process engineer Karl Arnold arrived in Tomsk , who established that 120 lamps with an arc-voltage of 300-500 candles for each lamp were needed to illuminate the city. The head of the province reacted positively to the Arnold project, on August 25, 1891, a meeting of the Duma on the issue of lighting the city on the Arnold project instructed to put 600 candles and 60 lanterns of 500 candles each. A corresponding contract was drawn up with Arnold, and in October 1891, permission was received from the Committee of the Ministry of the Interior for "construction work in connection with the arrangement of electric lighting." For unknown reasons, Arnold was not able to implement this idea and he returned to Moscow in 1892.

Nevertheless, in 1893, electric lighting appeared in the city: private entrepreneur I. L. Fuchseman organized it in his own flour mill. In June 1894, the printing house and bookstore of P.I. Makushin was illuminated, and in October, a power station was launched that illuminated the Kukhterin match factory. However, despite all this, the city was left without night illumination.

And with the advent of the Technical and Industrial Bureau, there was hope for the implementation of lighting in Tomsk. In January 1895, V. S. Ruetovsky, on behalf of the Technical and Industrial Bureau, turned to the City Duma with a request to discuss the transfer of the concession bureau to the creation of a power plant and its operation. The technical and industrial bureau had serious intentions to build a power plant, since the permit received in 1891 from the Ministry of the Interior remained in force, and on January 17, 1895, the Duma decided to develop draft conditions. In April 1895, the first Siberian power station appeared. On December 31, under the new year 1896, electric lighting was introduced in Tomsk.

The Siberian Herald newspaper dated January 3, 1896 wrote: “The first experience of electric lighting was a success. The lanterns are lit at 9 pm, on New Year's Eve, on Millionnaya and Magistratskaya streets and the embankment of the river. Ears. Effectively lit night darkness. It is only a pity that they were put out early, and those returning from the church had to go in the dark. "

January 10, 1896 a test of electric lighting of residential premises and services of a trading house took place.

The long-awaited event with enthusiasm and emotions was perceived by the townspeople. In any case, a curious testimony to the mood and even poetic inspiration is a poetic scene placed in the newspaper Tomsk Listok dated January 21, 1896, entitled “Conversation“ Electric Light “”.

Station Reconstruction

The city of Tomsk grew quite rapidly in the twenties, new, mainly small, industrial enterprises appeared. There were also up to two dozen of those who were forced to have their own power plant. By this time, the equipment of the power plant needed modernization. To analyze the technical condition of the central electric power station and prepare a decision on the project for its reconstruction, a commission was created from prominent scientists and engineers of the city. The first meeting of the commission took place on February 21, 1926 at the power plant. The Commission noted the need for reconstruction of the station, since by 1925-1926. the power of the station was completely exhausted.

Professors decide that the station needs to be transferred to a three-phase system. The plan for the reconstruction of the station and the electric network of the city provided for:

1. Switching the station to a three-phase system and increasing its power by installing a new 1000 kW turbogenerator
2. Laying in the city of 5 three-phase cable feeders with a length of 10.9 km.
3. The device of brick transformer kiosks.
4. Reconstruction of switchgear on the north side of the machine room with an area of ​​100 m².
5. Overhaul of four boilers Shukhov with the replacement of drums
6. Construction of a new six-sided cooling tower at 500 m³ / h with the dismantling of the old wooden.

From the protocol of the commission: “The total cost of the reconstruction of the Central Electric Networks as estimated by 478,160 rubles.” After financing the project, the modernization of the power plant immediately began.

The first thing in 1927. dismantled all the steam engines, which were almost all installed in the last century, they were replaced by a 100 kW turbo-generator . The power of the central heating plant with the launch of a new turbogenerator exceeded 1800 kW. By the same time, as was stipulated by the plan, 5 cable feeders with a voltage of 6,600 volts were laid, the entire cable network of the city was tested and turned on, and a 3 kV switchgear was installed. Also in 1935-36. a complete reconstruction of the steam pipelines and installation of an emergency feed turbine pump was carried out. In the years 1936-37. was mounted, and in January 1938 the Sterling boiler was put into operation. In the same year, the construction of a new boiler building was completed. In 1933, another 2,000 kW turbogenerator was installed instead of 350 kW. As a result of a ten-year reconstruction, the installed capacity of the station in 1937 increased to 8500 kW, and electricity generation for this year amounted to 18.4 million kW⋅h .

Station during World War II

The period of the most intensive work and the power plant reaching its maximum capacity was during the years of World War II. With its beginning, a number of industrial enterprises were evacuated from the west of the country to the city of Tomsk, the operation of which required an additional large amount of electricity. On December 20, 1941, the equipment of the evacuated Gomel power station was accepted at the Tomsk Central Electric Power Plant: an OK-30 turbogenerator and a SM 16/22 boiler. In the same year, urgent work began on the installation of incoming equipment and a new control panel in the new building.

By a resolution of the State Committee of the country of June 3, 1942, the station, which was previously communal, was transferred to the People’s Commissariat of Power Plants (NKES) and renamed to Tomsk Hydroelectric Power Station. To improve the management of the station, by the order of the NKEC of March 27, 1943, the hydroelectric power station was included in the West Siberian regional energy department Zapsibenergo. This opened up the possibility for the further growth of the power plant and an increase in the operating culture.

In 1942, the capacity of the Tomsk Hydroelectric Power Station reached the highest level in the history of the power plant - 11 thousand kilowatts, and electricity generation doubled compared to 1937. For that time, these were very significant indicators. During the war, a radical modernization of the electrical part of the station was carried out in order to create the most reliable and flexible high-voltage station circuit and auxiliary circuit. Along with this, work was carried out to improve pre-existing protection schemes. High-voltage water pump motors were equipped with protection that ensured their self-start when voltage was restored after short circuits and with direct voltage supply. Such a large amount of work done during the war years could not be performed by the power plant on its own. To this end, in 1942, a wind farm construction organization was created in Tomsk, which was entrusted with the construction and installation work to expand and reconstruct Tomsk power station. With the dedicated work of the staff of the Tomsk central power station, the industry of Tomsk for some time was removed from the state of energy hunger. For the conscientious fulfillment of a civil duty, 3,176 employees of Tomsk Hydroelectric Power Station-1 were awarded the medals "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War" .

Post-war time and decommissioning

The beginning of 1945 for the staff of the power plant was marked by the separation of the Tomsk Hydroelectric Power Station-1 from the Novosibirskenergo management and its inclusion as the base unit together with other energy enterprises of Tomsk into the Tomsk Power Plant formed by the order of Glavvostokenergo of the USSR NKES USSR. By this time, Tomsk Hydroelectric Power Station-1, as an independent self-supporting organization, had the most developed structure consisting of several workshops (fuel, boiler, machine, chemical, electric shop, electric networks, operation of steam locomotives), a mechanical workshop, a meter verification laboratory, and several management departments (personnel , supply, planning, accounting, technical, general, motor transport, subscription, capital construction).

Shortly after the commissioning of the Tomsk State District Power Station-2 and in connection with its further expansion, which provided for the increase of capacity by installing new modern equipment, the role of the State District Power Station-1 as an energy unit significantly decreased. In addition, the location in the city center excluded the possibility of expansion. In the context of the city’s growing demand for thermal energy, the question naturally arose of transferring HES-1 to the heating mode and the construction of heating networks in the central part of the city.

With the support of the manager of the power plant, F. M. Bulaev, a group of engineers at the power plant, which included G. Yu. Bekman, V. S. Ssorin, M. A. Baraulina, E. V Mikhaleva, V. G. Kaltsin, N. G. Egorov , under the guidance of Associate Professor of the Polytechnic Institute V.T. Yurinsky in April 1945, began to develop a project for heating the central part of the city.

In a short time the project was developed and at the end of 1945, after approval by the Ministry, it began to be implemented. The project provided for: the transfer of two turbines to a deteriorated vacuum, the construction of a boiler room, the installation of pumping equipment for a boiler room and the construction of two heating mains: the first - on the street. Belenets, Lenin Avenue to the medical institute, the second - on the per. Nakhanovich to the street Krylova and on the street Krylova to av. Frunze. In 1946, the simultaneous construction of the first facilities was started: the boiler and heating mains along the per. Nakhanovich.

Preparation for transferring the power plant to the heating mode required increasing the productivity and reliability of boiler plants. To this end, a group of engineers consisting of G. Yu. Bekman, N. I. Shustov, Yu. A. Malevich, under the direction of I. A. Yavorsky, employee of the technical department of the power plant, during the period 1945-1950. developed and introduced into production a new grate design, improved mechanical chain grilles. This made it possible to abandon the hard work of shurovshchikov and increase the efficiency of the boiler room to 82-88% against 65-70%.

On October 25, 1947, the station gave out the first heat to the city. This day can be considered the beginning of the cogeneration of the city of Tomsk. However, by 1950, the power of HES-1 had sharply decreased due to an accident that occurred on July 30, 1949. The explosion of turbine of turbine generator No. 4, which was installed back in 1937 after dismantling a considerable degree of wear from a raised ship, permanently disabled 5000 kW installed power. In place of the old, a new 2500 kW turbogenerator was installed, which was put into operation in April 1950. The capacity of HES-1 was partially restored and now amounted to 8500 kW.

The fifties were years of deliberate reconstruction and systematic improvement of equipment and equipment of all workshops in connection with the transition to a new role in the energy supply of the city, to work in the heating mode. In September 1952, in connection with the reorganization of the Power Plant, HES-1 was again singled out in it as an independent enterprise, B. A. Gulyavsky was appointed its director, who subsequently led all the work.

A transfer to a degraded vacuum of a turbogenerator No. 3 was carried out. The use of the station in 1952 was planned as a cogeneration plant with minimal electricity generation, but due to malfunctions and untimely commissioning of the 2nd and 3rd stage at Tomsk State District Power Station-2 in the winter period, HPP-1 still operated with maximum electric load.

With the commissioning of heating systems, there was a shortage of make-up softened water for them, which had to be covered by untreated water, as a result of which pipe sections failed because of pipe corrosion. Since the need for make-up water reached 60-68 t / h, and the HPP-1 filters could provide 25 t / h.

In 1957, automatic weighing scales were built at the station for weighing coal to replace pre-existing belt weights. After the temporary fuel warehouse near the railway station was liquidated, coal began to be transported from the warehouse of Tomsk State District Power Station-2. In 1956, the dilapidated wooden fuel supply premises were replaced by reinforced concrete, and in 1959 coal unloading from vehicles was mechanized.

Despite the fact that there was a gradual transition to the heating operation mode, problems arose in the electrical facilities of HPP-1, which were largely associated with outdated and worn-out electrical equipment. At the beginning of the 1950s, the inspection revealed 18 defective transformers, worn-out electric motors of many pumps, and a number of other items of equipment.

Since 1955, the operation mode of HES-1 has been characterized by a consistent increase in work according to the heat schedule, and in the sixties the station was already operating stably in this mode in the winter, and summer is used for the prevention and repair of stopped equipment.

In 1959, in accordance with its changed mission, the power plant was renamed Tomsk Thermal Power Station-1 ^[2] .

In the summer of 1960, a turbogenerator No. 2 was dismantled and transferred to the Kolpashevskaya Central Electric Power Plant, after which the electric power decreased to 7500 kW.

In December 1965, turbogenerator No. 4 was dismantled and scrapped due to complete unsuitability. The installed capacity was 5000 kW.

In 1969, the installed capacity was re-marked from 5,000 kW to 3,800 kW.

By an act of May 5, 1975, turbogenerator No. 3, which worked for 3,400,000 hours in 43 years, was declared unsuitable for further operation and dismantled on November 20, 1975. The capacity of the CHPP-1 with the remaining one turbogenerator (TG-1) was reduced to 2200 kW.

In December 1973, significant changes were made in the supply of heat to the city in connection with the commissioning of the first stage of the distant heat supply scheme from the “source of distant heat supply” (IDT). At the same time, there was an expansion and modernization of the boiler park of Tomsk State District Power Station-2, as a result of which its thermal capacity increased. In 1976, the peak standby boiler house (PRK) was commissioned. Since that time, a gradual decrease in the supply of thermal energy from TPP-1 began.

In November 1980, due to complete technical deterioration, the last TG-1 turbogenerator, which had worked for 38 years, was declared unsuitable.

In January 1981, it was dismantled and scrapped.

Since that time, CHPP-1 ceased to bear the electric load and began to work as a boiler room, providing thermal energy to a small part of the heating networks in the city center.

During 1987, the boiler section of CHPP-1 was still in operation, however, all 5 boilers worked for a total of only 7412 hours, having generated a total of only 67284 tons of steam, 3888 hours were under repair, and the remaining 33040 hours were in reserve. The design load of the heating water section as of January 1, 1988 was only 30 Gcal / hour, while at Tomsk State District Power Station-2 it was 875 Gcal / hour, and the peak reserve boiler room was 930 Gcal / hour. They subsequently took on the heat load of CHP-1.

On April 18, 1988, the shift supervisors of the boiler section of TPP-1 received order No. 3 from the head of the combined boiler shop, A. I. Kozlov, on the kindling of boilers with the aim of re-burning the remaining coal in the coal pit and in the bunkers of the boilers.

The operational log of the shift supervisors recorded in stages the last period of the operation of the boilers:

“April 18, 1988 - preparations were started for the kindling of boilers No. 1 and No. 3.

April 19, 1988 - the boilers are connected to the steam line.

April 21, 1988, the kindling of boiler No. 4 was started.

April 23, 1988, coal was fired by boiler No. 1, the boiler was disconnected from the steam line and from the electrical equipment.

April 24, 1988 - coal was fired by boiler No. 3, the boiler was disconnected from the steam line, and from the electrical equipment.

April 24, 1988 - coal was fired by boiler No. 4, the boiler was disconnected from the steam line and from electrical equipment. ”

The boilers are mothballed by dry preservation and transferred to the cold reserve.

Electrical equipment of CHPP-1 is used as a substation in the city’s energy supply system: voltage is supplied to transformers located on the territory of open switchgears via power lines-35 and power lines-110 kV, from where it is supplied to nearby consumers via outgoing feeders.

Gas turbine installation

In January 2013, a gas turbine unit with an electric capacity of 14.7 MW and 19.47 Gcal / h was commissioned ^[3] .

The power system of the Tomsk region operates as part of the unified power system of Siberia . At the beginning of 2017, the installed electric capacity of Tomsk TPP-1 is 14.7 MW, or just over 1% of the total capacity of the region’s power plants. Electric power generation at TPP-1 in 2016 was 11.4 million kWh ^[4] .

TPP-1 operates in the mode of combined generation of electric and thermal energy. It is one of the main sources of thermal energy for the district heating system of Tomsk ^[4] . The installed heat capacity of the station is 815 Gcal / h. Thermal energy is released in hot water and in steam. In 2016, heat energy supply from the CHPP-1 collectors amounted to 779.52 thousand Gcal ^[4] .

Natural gas is used as the main fuel ^[4] .

• Vyatkin N. A. The indefatigable heart: the history of the Tomsk power system at the cut of two eras in memoirs, photographs and documents / ed. N.P. Chukova. - Tomsk: Red Banner, 2006 .-- 623 p.
• Gitlits A. I. The First in Siberia - Tomsk Central Power Station / Ed. A. S. Zavorina .. - Tomsk: Tomsk Book Publishing House, 1994. - 88 p.
• Power Plant // Tomsk from A to Z: A Brief Encyclopedia of the City. / Ed. Dr. East. Sciences N. M. Dmitrienko . - 1st ed. - Tomsk: NTL Publishing House, 2004. - S. 427-428. - 440 s. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89503-211-7 .