The battle of Andyra is a battle that took place in 1722 between the forces of the Principality of Andirev and the Russian troops , a detachment under the command of the foreman Veterani [1] .
| The Battle of Andyra | |||
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| The main conflict: the Persian campaign of Peter I | |||
| date | July 23, 1722 | ||
| A place | neighborhood of Andyreus | ||
| Total | Russian victory
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| Opponents | |||
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| Commanders | |||
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| Forces of the parties | |||
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| Losses | |||
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After a stubborn battle with the natives, the Russian detachment, having lost 80 personnel, attacked the village ( aul ) and burned it (completely destroyed [2] ) it. It ended with the victory of the Russian troops, but heavy losses led to the discontent of Peter I and the disgrace of the Astrakhan governor Volynsky [3] .
Content
Background
The relationship between the Kumyk Andreev Principality and Russia was always difficult. Russian tsars organized campaigns against Andyrius: in 1590 (Zasekin’s expedition), 1594 ( Hvorostinin’s campaign in Dagestan , in 1604-1605 ( Buturlin’s campaign in Dagestan ). Andreev’s ruler Sultan-Mut defeated the Russian army on the Karamansky field in 1605. Endireevskie rulers responded hikes on Russian jails : in 1651 and 1653 during the Russian-Persian conflict, in 1673 a joint venture with Shamkhalov Buda attack on grater eve. Persian campaign of Peter I endireevtsy Chechens made a foray into the back float. Russian troops Vigano to the south in July 1722 received a petition for admission to the citizenship of neighboring Dagestan rulers, but ambassadors from Endireya Peter I did not wait. As a punishment, the Emperor sent to Endirey Corps under the command of veterans (2000 dragoons and 400 Cossacks ). Endireevtsy also prepared to defense: women and children were sent to the mountains, and the city was fortified.
Battle
Veterani was supposed to occupy the "Andreevskaya village" (Enderi village) and ensure the landing in the Agrahan Bay. The owners of Greater Kabarda Elmurz Cherkassky ( lieutenant of the Russian service, the younger brother of the deceased in Khiva A. Cherkassky) and Lesser Kabarda Aslambek Kommetov joined him. On July 23, at the approaches to Andyriy, Aydemir ruled and Chapalov musl with 5-6 thousand Kumyks and Chechens launched a strong attack on the Russians. Cavalry Veterani suffered heavy losses and began to retreat. Then Colonel Naumov was sent to Andyri with a large army , who "rushed to the Andreev village , took possession of it and turned it into ashes."
Butkov in "Materials on the New History of the Caucasus" writes [4] :
When Veterani still followed the direct route from the city of Terki to the river. Koisu and approaching Enderi entered the gorge, then, on July 23, suddenly, by accident, from high places, from the forest, his enemies met him, of whom there were from 5 to 6 tons of Enderians and Chechens, with arrows and bullets, so cruel that several of Russian troops were beaten. Veterani, instead of suddenly rushing to the village, hesitated for a long time in the gorge and thought to resist the enemy, whose full strength was hidden
Peter first received the news of the victory and wrote to Astrakhan how his dragoons “got enough supplies, and the owners made a fireworks for their village for fun”, but after reporting the losses, joy gave way to annoyance [3]
Consequences
The following year, the principality, at the behest of Peter I, was ruined by the Kalmyks . After the defeat of 1722-1723, the Principality of Andirev , which had previously been the strongest political unit in the region, fell into decay. The ruin of a longtime ally of the Kumyks of the Crimean Khanate during the Russian-Turkish war of 1735-1739 strengthened Russia's influence in the region.
Notes
- ↑ St. Andrew's Fortress // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- ↑ Endery // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 The Persian campaign of Peter the Great: The grassroots corps on the shores of the Caspian Sea (1722-1735) / I.V. Kurukin; Scientific ed. Ph.D. T.A. Konyashkina; Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova, Institute of Asian and African Countries. - M .: Quadriga, Joint Editorial Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2010
- ↑ Materials for the new history of the Caucasus from 1722 to 1803 by P. G. Butkov, Part I. St. Petersburg. 1869
Literature
- The historical outline of the Caucasian wars from their beginning to the accession of Georgia / ed. V.A. Potto - Tiflis: Type. Chancellery of the Chief Civilian in the Caucasus, 1899. - 395 p.
- Endery // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- St. Andrew's Fortress // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.