Stolypin, Athanasius Alekseevich

The son of the Penza governor of the nobility Alexei Yemelyanovich Stolypin and his wife Maria Afanasyevna, nee Mescherinova, was born in 1788 and was the youngest of their 11 children ^[5] .

Military Service

In February 1805, a seventeen-year-old young man, Afanasy Alekseevich entered military service as a cadet in the 1st artillery regiment. From September 1806, together with his regiment he participated in the campaign of 1806-1807 on the territory of East Prussia . On June 2, 1807, during the unsuccessful for the Russians, the Battle of Friedland was seriously wounded in the leg and was permanently out of order.

Patriotic war of 1812 was met in the rank of lieutenant by the commander of the battery of the 2nd light artillery company of the Life Guards foot artillery brigade of the 5th (Guards) infantry corps of the 1st Western Army General of Infantry M. Barclay de Tolly ^{[6] [7]} .

Before the start of the battle of Borodino, according to the disposition of the commander-in-chief, MI Kutuzov, the 2nd light company, like other guards artillery companies, was in reserve near the village of Knyazkovo. However, Afanasy Alekseevich found it difficult to remain inactive; according to eyewitness testimony, platoon commander of the 2nd company of Ensign A.S. Norov , Stolypin and his friends on August 24, 1812, were under Shevardino in a rifle chain. On the second day of the battle, the 2nd Light Artillery Company moved closer to the battle line and, at three o'clock in the afternoon, engaged the enemy. But soon the company commander Captain Gogel was contused, and the command passed to Stolypin. Twice more, the French cavalry of General Nansuth launched attacks, but was rejected. The case was completed with the support of Stolypin’s batteries by the Russian cuirassiers :

Our battery commander Stolypin, seeing the movement of our cuirassier, took it to the front, trotted forward a few steps ahead and, having changed the front, waited for the enemy to approach without a shot. The guns were loaded with grapeshot; Stolypin's goal was to let the enemy at close range, to upset the enemy with strong fire and thereby prepare a sure success to our cuirassiers.

- Ensign A.S. Norov

In the evening, the company was changed, and it returned to its former place, having lost 5 soldiers and 27 horses, including Afanasy Alekseevich himself, in the battle, 2 warden officers, 2 musicians, 18 privates and 8 horses wounded.

The wound received in 1807 was greatly disturbed, and after Borodin, Afanasy Alekseevich was forced to take leave for treatment. In 1813 he was awarded the rank of captain . Having corrected his health, he returned to service only in 1815, but managed to participate in the solemn entry of the Russian army into Paris . Despite the military achievements, Stolypin was turned over to the next rank, and “this injustice greatly upset a whole corps of officers ...” . In January 1817 he retired ("for early") in the former rank of captain.

Saratov leader of the nobility

Upon his retirement, Afanasy Alekseevich went to treat his wound in the Caucasian waters. In July 1817, the father Alexey Emelyanovich Stolypin who was in the same place died there, and in 1811, long before his death, he divided his vast fiefdoms among his sons. Afanasy got the village of Forest Neelovka of the Saratov district of the Saratov province (now the village of Forest Neelovka of the Bazarno-Karabulak district ) with the adjacent villages, where he settled after his father’s funeral. In the winter, Stolypin moved to Saratov: his house was at the corner of Malaya Dvoryanskaya (now Sovetskaya) and Aleksandrovskaya (now Gorky) streets. Afanasy Alekseevich also had his own houses in Petersburg and Moscow.

Between December 1827 ^[8] and August 1829 ^{[9] he} was elected the leader of the nobility of the Saratov Uyezd and held these posts at least until November 1833 ^[10] .

By 1830, with the death of elder brothers, Afanasy Alekseevich, although he was the youngest child in his family, he was recognized as close and distant relatives, many of whom he literally took care of, the informal head of the Stolypin family. In April 1834, his niece, Anna Grigoryevna Stolypin (1815-1892), married the adjutant of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich , Colonel A. I. Filosofov . Between him and the bride's uncle, trusting kindred-friendly relations were established. Afanasy Alekseevich often supported the young family with practical advice in economic affairs, and also provided financial assistance, as, indeed, to many other relatives. In response, Philosophers, who quickly climbed the career ladder and had a great influence at court, more than once helped out close friends of Afanasy Alekseevich in difficult circumstances, including taking a large part in the fate of M. Yu. Lermontov and some of his friends ^[11] .

In November 1839 he was elected provincial leader of the nobility in Saratov. A rich landowner and tax farmer , he enjoyed extraordinary respect and influence in the province, had many adherents among the local nobility and communication at the court. At first, he had quite friendly relations with the newly appointed vice-governor C.C. Ode de Sion , also a veteran of the Napoleonic wars . However, when in January 1842 Oda de Zion ruled the province, replacing Governor A. M. Fadeev , who had left for St. Petersburg for service, a quarrel broke out between him and Stolypin, making them irreconcilable enemies and forcing both of them to leave Saratov soon ^{[ 12]} .

It began with the fact that Stolypin decided to take advantage of a convenient moment and asked the vice-governor, in the absence of his superiors, to save some respectable nobleman from prosecution, but he refused. At the same time, the recent death of M. Yu. Lermontov in a duel spurred an extraordinary demand for his printed works. The enterprising bookseller in Saratov, the merchant of the 3rd guild, D. M. Vakurov, knowing that the leader of the nobility was being brought to the deceased great-uncle, asked for a pictorial portrait of the poet in order to exhibit even more customers in his shop. Upon learning of this, Ode de Sion considered such a “advertising campaign” to be unacceptable, summoned the merchant to himself and chastised him so severely that he soon abandoned the book trade altogether. Stolypin, angered by the previous refusal, publicly stood up for Vakurov, but the vice-governor did not give in. Then the leader of the nobility reported on the Ode de Sion and his wife to the governor, falsely accusing both of them of the cruel treatment of the servant and the pupil. Fadeev, who had his own accounts with the deputy, gave the move to a secret inquiry, which, however, did not reveal anything ^[12] . It came to the senator and interior minister L. A. Perovsky , an influential dignitary who patronized the vice-governor. However, the governor with the leader of the nobility in St. Petersburg had a certain influence - a real war of slander and denunciations, often completely ridiculous, began, for example, Stolypin wrote to the minister, “<...> that the vice-governor, an avid dog lover, buries them according to the Christian ritual in coffins. " ^[13] . Ultimately, after Stolypin was again reelected as the provincial leader of the nobility in December 1842, the sovereign did not approve his candidacy and forbade, as a “tax collector,” to continue running for this position. He did not endure such a blow to his reputation and went abroad, and later settled in Moscow:

"... Removing him made an unpleasant impression on society <...> the loss of such a leader was a sensible loss for the city and its public life"

- ^[13]

The following 1843, the Ode de Zion, yielding to the pressure of the Saratov society, resigned as vice-governor and returned with his whole family to St. Petersburg ^{[13] [K 2]} .

Late years, death

In 1845, after the death of his sister E. A. Arsen'eva , he inherited the Tarkhany estate, where her grandson M. Yu. Lermontov spent his childhood. Afanasy Alekseevich together with Elizaveta Alekseevna were the guardians of the poet, who especially loved Stolypin and called him “uncle” ^[14] . According to Irakli Andronikov , a researcher of Lermontov, it is to him that the lines of the famous poem Borodino are addressed: “Tell me, uncle ...” ^[4] . Although he did not live in Tarkhany, he kept the estate through a reliable manager in perfect order. His heirs did the same, thanks to which, later here, in the original interiors, they managed to create a museum dedicated to the poet.

In Moscow, Stolypin lived in his own large house in the alley against the Kolymazhny yard , where he often organized balls, dinners and evenings. According to a contemporary, he was a simple, real Russian hospitable and hospitable gentleman who lived openly and happily ^[15] .

At the end of his life, Afanasy Alekseevich returned to Saratov, where he died on August 14, 1864 at the age of 75. The funeral for the deceased took place on August 16 at the Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral , on the same day he was buried in the cemetery of the Transfiguration Monastery for men . The informal title of “the eldest in the clan” ( Fr. l'ancien de la famille ) passed, admittedly, to A.I. Filosofov, who had become a general from artillery by that time. In his extensive archive, many details of the life of Afanasy Alekseevich Stolypin, Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, and other individuals were preserved and later published ^[11] .

• In 1812, the General from Infantry, the Most High Prince M. I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, in a report on the distinction of officers of the 2nd light company at Borodino, wrote:

Lieutenants Zhirkevich and Stolypin acted perfectly with their guns against enemy cavalry and batteries, which they forced the gunfire to interrupt.

- M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov

• The Russian bibliophile and bibliographer D. S. Poltoratsky in his notes to the “Dictionary of memorable people of the Russian land” Bantysh-Kamensky describes Afanasy Alexandrovich as follows:

<...> Stolypin, the type and the last, is probably the remnant of the former uneducated, rude shooter, a Russian nobleman, but, by the way, not an evil and very intelligent person <...> "

- ^[13]

• Famous memoirist S. M. Zagoskin recalled Stolypin:

He was already an elderly man, tall, very fat, with an ugly face and a huge nose that almost touched his chin. Special signs of him were: on the face a few warts of respectable size and the same size of mind, kindness and cordiality. In general, in Moscow, everyone loved the venerable Stolypin family, and quite a few individuals sought to be invited to them for the evenings, which at one time were considered the focus of the chosen society itself.

- ^[15]

• In 1806, for the Battle of Friedland, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with a bow.
• In 1812, for the distinction with Borodino, a gold sword with the inscription: "For courage."

Monuments of the 2nd Cavalry Battery of the Life Guards Artillery Brigade — a massive massive column with pedestal cores and a dark pink obelisk with gun trunks at the corners of the pedestal — were erected at that place where Borodin and Afanasy Alekseevich fought.

From January 12, 1830, he was married to Maria Alexandrovna , nee Ustinova (1812–1876), granddaughter of the richest Saratov merchant and wine farmer M. A. Ustinov . Their wedding took place Sergievskaya church in Saratov. According to contemporaries, Maria Alexandrovna was very beautiful in her youth ^[15] and remained fresh later ^[16] . Kindness and excellent spiritual qualities were combined with extreme naivety in it, which served as a subject of jokes and anecdotes in society ^[17] . She died in Moscow and was buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Monastery (the grave was not preserved). Children:

• Maria (1832–1901) was considered one of the first Moscow beauties, since 1851 the wife of Prince V. A. Shcherbatov ^[17] .
• Natalia (1834-1905) - outwardly was very similar to her father. Since 1862, the spouse of V.A. Sheremetev ; philanthropist and social activist; Cavalry lady of the Order of St. Catherine (minor cross) ^[18] .
• Alexey (1838-1908) - Guards officer, lived in St. Petersburg; heir to the estates in Forest Neelovka and Tapxanah. Subsequently, he went insane, committed a murder, and was subsequently treated in Switzerland ^[17] . Due to the illness of his estate, cousin D. A. Stolypin took care of him.

Books

• A collection of biographies of horse guards : On the occasion of a century. Anniversary of the Cavalry Guard Her Majesty the Empress imp. Malia Fedorovna regiment: [ rus doref. ] : in 4 t. / Comp. by ed. S. Panchulidzeva. - SPb. : Expedition of procurement of state. Securities, 1901. - T. 1: 1724-1762. - 370 s.
• Gennady Sidorovnin. P. A. Stolypin. Life for the Fatherland. : Life story. 1862-1911: [ rus ] . - Cultural Center named after P. Stolypin, 2002. - 598 p.
• Month of theology with a list of official persons, or the general staff of the Russian Empire, for the summer of Christmas 1829 : Part two. Local governments: [ rus doref. ] . - SPb. : Imperatranskaya Academy of Sciences, 1829. - 298 p.
• Month of the clergy and the general staff of the Russian Empire for 1830 : Part two. Local governments: [ rus doref. ] . - SPb. : The Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences, 1830. - 298 p.
• Month of the clergy and the general staff of the Russian Empire for 1834 : Part two. Local governments: [ rus doref. ] . - SPb. : Imperatranskaya Academy of Sciences, 1834. - 462 p.
• Month of the clergy and the general staff of the Russian Empire for 1842 : Part two. Local governments: [ rus doref. ] . - SPb. : Imperatranskaya Academy of Sciences, 1842. - 298 p.
• Zhirkevich, I. S., Notes by Ivan Stepanovich Zhirkevich. 1789-1848. - M .: Kuchkovo Pole, 2009. - 624 p. - (Military memoirs). - ISBN 978-5-9950-0054-9 .
• Ewa Felińska . Wspomnienia z podróży do Syberji, pobytu w Berezowie iw Saratowie: Spisane pṛzez Ewę Felińskę. : [ polish ] . - WILNO: Nakładem i drukiem Józefa Zawadzkiego, 1852. - Vol. 2. - p. 148–151, 176, 210–218, 248–255. - 299 p.
• A. M. Fadeev . Memories of Andrei Mikhailovich Fadeev. : 1790–1867. - Odessa, 1897. - Part I.
• Lermontov and his relatives according to the documents of the archive of I.I. Filosofov / Publ. A. Mikhailova // M. Yu. Lermontov / USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of lit. (Gun. House); Ed. P. I. Lebedev-Polyansky; (Ch. ed.), I. S. Zilbershtein, S. A. Makashin .. - Moscow : Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1948. - Vol. 2. - (Literary heritage; 1941–1948, vol. 45/46).
• Andronikov, Irakli Luarsabovich. Lermontov : Research and discoveries. - M .: Fiction, 1964. - 606 p.
• A.I. Alekseeva. Sheremetevs in the fate of Russia: Memoirs. Diaries. Letters / M.D. Kovalev. - Zvonnitsa Publishing House, 2001. - 432 p.
• Chicherin, Boris Nikolaevich. Memoirs of Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin : Moscow of the forties / introductory. Art. and note. S.V. Bakhrushina. - M .: Ed. M. and S. Sabashnikov, 1929. - 293 p.
• Buturlin, Mikhail Dmitrievich. Notes of Count M. D. Buturlin : memoirs, autobiography, historical contemporary events for me and heard from old-timers, portraits, impressions, artistic information, literary notes and family chronicle / ed. M. Polyakova. - M .: Russian manor, 2006. - T. 2. - 543 p. - ISBN 5-903228-05-4 .

Articles

• Poltoratsky, Sergey Dmitrievich. Notes and memoirs of D. S. Poltoratsky about the work of D. N. Bantysh-Kamensky: “ Dictionary of memorable people of the Russian land ” // Russian antiquity. - SPb. , 1892. - T. 74. - 763 p.
• Zagoskin, Sergey Mikhailovich. Memories // Historical Gazette . - SPb. , 1900. –T. 74, No. 1-3.

Links

• A. A. Podmaso. The Russian Army in June 1812 // Internet Project “1812”. - 2003. - March 22. - The date of the appeal: 07.10.2017.
• Shilov D.N. Unpublished materials for the “Russian provincial necropolis” in the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive // Petersburg Genealogical Portal. - 2007. - 1 August. - Date of treatment: 01/27/2018.