Abul al-Majd Mahmoud ibn Adam Sanai ( 1081 , Ghazni - 1141 ?) - Persian poet [1] , one of the largest Sufi poets.
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Content
Biography
Born in the city of Ghazni ( Afghanistan ). He began to compose poems during the reign of the Ghaznavid Mas'ud III (1099-1115). For some time he lived in the city of Balkh, where he studied religious sciences and Sufism. In 1124, he returned to Ghazna. He, who had already become a famous poet, was invited to his court by the Sultan Bahram Shah (1118–1152), to whom Sanai dedicated one of his most significant works - the didactic poem “The Garden of Truths” (Hadikat al-Hakaik, 1131).
Creativity
Sanai Peru owns a number of major works, including “The Book of the Feats of Balkh”, “The Book of Love”, “The Book of Mind”. The most popular poems are “The Garden of Truths” (in imitation of which, in a few decades, Nizami will write his “ Treasury of Secrets ”) and “The Journey of God's Slaves to the Place of Return”.
From the foreword to the Russian translation of Sana'i, “The Journey of God's Slaves to the Place of Return.”: “The Sanai poem,“ The Journey of the God's Slaves to the Place of Return ”(Sayr al-'ibad) - the most authoritative text of Iranian medieval culture - is usually regarded as a wonderful example of Sufi esoteric literature, in which the journey of a person into the depths of his consciousness is described in allegorical form. Having also incorporated elements of the Zoroastrian and, possibly, Ismaili tradition, this text gives an idea of how the structure of man and his inner world was conceived by one of the greatest Persian poets and philosophers of the 12th century. An important feature of this work (XII century) is that its plot coincides in many ways with the plot of Dante's “Divine Comedy” (XIV century) and in many places clarifies it ... (!) Back in the late 1920s, E. E. Bertels and, independently of him, R. Nicholson came to the conclusion of a significant plot similarity between Cyr al-ibad and Divine Comedy. A closer examination of Sanai’s poem shows that there are several non-functional similarities between the two texts that are permissible (!) For a simple “wandering plot” ... As we already noted above, comparing Sayr al-'ibad with Divine Comedy “, Both texts are extremely close in structure.”
The lyrics of small forms represent all genres of Middle Eastern poetry; it is customary to classify thematically, distinguishing ascetic, laudatory, elegiac, satirical and other poems. Attention is drawn to their social orientation Rubai Sanai; in form and content they are close to the quatrains of the people. Sanai's works played a large role in the development of the didactic line in poetry, long serving as a model for poets in subsequent centuries.
Publication of works in Russian
- "Poetry of the people of the USSR IV — XVIII centuries" (collection) / Entry. article and comp. L. Arutyunova and V. Taneyeva. M., "Fiction", 1972 ("Library of World Literature", Volume 55th); pp. 196-200. (The collection includes parables from the poem Garden of Truths translated by A. Kochetkov.)
- “The fruits of generosity” (collection) / Comp., Subscript per. with Farsi, a dictionary and notes by G. Aliyev and N. Osmanov. M., "Fiction", 1979; p. 75-94. (The collection presents the rubyes of the poet.)
- “Literature of the East in the Middle Ages” (texts) / Ed. N. Sazanova. M., MSU publishing house - "Sirin", 1996; p. 59-64. (The book contains a fragment of the poem "Garden of Truths", as well as samples of lyrics of small forms.)
- Abu l-Majj Sanai. Poem "The Journey of God's Slaves to the Place of Return" / Per. with pers., vst. article and comm. K. Sergeeva. M., "PHASIS", 2002.