Abdel ( Abdility ; “servant of the [divine] cow” [1] ; date. Abd'el or date. 'Ab-di-li-i-ti ) - king of Arvada at the end of the VIII century BC. e.
| Abdel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| date fruit. Abd'el | |||||||
| |||||||
| Predecessor | Matanbaal II (?) | ||||||
| Successor | Matanbaal III (?) | ||||||
| Birth | VIII century BC e. | ||||||
Biography
About the origin of Abdal, information in historical sources has not been preserved. In the Assyrian inscriptions, he was named the ruler of Arvad at the very end of the VIII century BC. e. It is not known when Abdel gained power over this city-state . The previous known king by the name of Arvad was Matanbaal II , whose reign dates back to 740 years BC. e. According to the Assyrian sources, approximately in 738 and 720 BC. e. Arvadians participated in rebellions against the rulers of Assyria . In both cases, the unnamed kings of Arvad had to submit to the supreme power of the Assyrian monarchs: in the first case Tiglathpalasar III , in the second - Sargon II . Whether Abdel was somehow connected with these events is not mentioned in the sources [2] [3] [4] .
The only reliable evidence of Abdel is his participation in the anti-Assyrian rebellion, as reported in the inscription on the Sinaheherib Prism . The king of Judea Hezekiah , the king of Tire and Sidon Elulai , the king of Biblah Urumilk I , the king Tsumura Menachem , the king of Ashdod Mitinti and the king of Ashkelon Sidkiy also participated in this rebellion. Various information is reported on whether King Ammon Budu-ilu, King of Moab, Kamusu-nabbi, and King of Edom Ayar joined the rebellion. The rebel rulers took the first steps to the liberation of the Assyrians in 704 BC. e., stopping the payment of tribute to the newly ascended throne, Sinaheherib . For three years, the Assyrian king was distracted by the struggle with his other enemies, and only in 701 BC. e. he was able to make an army in Phenicia . The Assyrian army quickly crushed the uprising: the army of the allied rulers was defeated, and 208,000 rebels were captured in their lands, some of which were then relocated to Mesopotamia . After the defeat of the rebels, King Elulai fled to Cyprus and nothing is known about his further fate. Other Phoenician rulers (including kings Abdal and Urumilk I) were supposed to come to the camp of Senahherib, which was set up near Paletir, and on their knees to ask the Assyrian monarch for forgiveness. With the permission of Sinaheherib, they kept their possessions, but had to pay the king a tribute immediately for four years [1] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] .
Information about the future fate of Abdal was not preserved. The next well-known king of Arvad was Matanbaal III , whose reign dates back to 670 BC. e. [3] [4]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire / Radner K. - Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Projects, 1998. - Vol. I, part I. - P. 6. - ISBN 978-9-5145-8162-5 .
- ↑ Tsirkin, 2001 , p. 181-182 and 187.
- ↑ 1 2 Reallexikon der Assyriologie, 1928 , p. 161.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Lipiński E. Itineraria Phoenicia . - Leuven / Louvain: Peeters Publishers, 2004 .-- P. 281-282. - ISBN 978-9-0429-1344-8 .
- ↑ Tsirkin, 2001 , p. 188-189.
- ↑ Reallexikon der Assyriologie, 1928 , p. 6.
- ↑ Bunnens G. L'histoire événementielle Partim Orient // Handbuch der Orientalistik: Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten / Krings V. - BRILL, 1995 .-- P. 230. - ISBN 978-9-0041-0068-8 .
- ↑ Barton J. The Biblical World . - Taylor & Francis, 2002. - Vol. 1. - P. 502. - ISBN 978-0-4152-7573-6 .
- ↑ Lipiński E. On the Skirts of Canaan in the Iron Age: Historical and Topographical Researches . - Leuven / Louvain: Peeters Publishers, 2006 .-- P. 190. - ISBN 978-9-0429-1798-9 .
- ↑ The Oxford Handbook of the Archeology of the Levant: C. 8000-332 BCE / Steiner ML, Killebrew AE - Oxford: Oxford University Press , 2014 .-- P. 102-103. - ISBN 978-0-1992-1297-2 .
- ↑ Annals of the Assyrian king Sinaheherib (Unavailable link) . Engurra. Date of treatment January 8, 2018. Archived on October 27, 2017.
Literature
- Tsirkin Yu. B. From Canaan to Carthage. - M .: LLC Astrel Publishing House; LLC "Publishing house AST", 2001. - 528 p. - ISBN 5-17-005552-8 .
- Reallexikon der Assyriologie / Ebeling E., Meissner B. - Berlin, Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1928. - Bd. 1 .-- 496 S.