Desmond FitzGerald ( Eng. Desmond FitzGerald ; February 13, 1888 , London , UK - April 9, 1947 , Dublin , Ireland ) - Irish revolutionary , poet and publicist, statesman. Member of the party, Fine Gal , served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1922-1927) and Minister of Defense (1927-1932) of the Irish Free State [1] .
| Desmond Fitzgerald | |||||||
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| English Desmond fitzgerald | |||||||
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| Head of the government | William Thomas Cosgrave | ||||||
| Predecessor | Peter Hughes | ||||||
| Successor | Frank Aiken | ||||||
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| Predecessor | Michael Hayes | ||||||
| Successor | Kevin O'Higgins | ||||||
| Birth | February 13, 1888 Essex , UK | ||||||
| Death | April 9, 1947 (aged 59) Dublin , Ireland | ||||||
| Spouse | Mabel Washington McConnell (1884-1958) | ||||||
| Children | Desmond (1912–1987), Pierce (1914–1986), Fergus (1920–1983) and Garrett (1926–2011) | ||||||
| The consignment | Sinn Fein | ||||||
| Education | College of St. Bonaventure | ||||||
| Religion | Catholic | ||||||
Content
- 1 Biography
- 1.1 Childhood and youth
- 1.2 Marriage and family
- 1.3 Irish Nationalist
- 1.4 Minister
- 1.5 Family
- 2 notes
- 3 Literature
Biography
Childhood and Youth
Born into the family of Patrick Fitzgerald (1831-1908), a fisherman from Tipperary , and Mary Ann Skollard (1847-1927) from the city of Castlelayland , County Kerry . As a teenager, he changed his name to the more romantic Desmond and first visited Ireland in 1910 [2] . He studied at the College of St. Bonaventure [3] .
In London, he became a member of a group of poets and writers called the Eiffel Tower, which included Ezra Pound , Thomas Hume, Frank Flint and another Irish writer, Joseph Campbell. The group was named after the restaurant in which their first meeting took place [4] [5] .
Marriage and Family
In 1911, Catholic Fitzgerald married Mabel Washington McConnell (1884-1958), daughter of John McConnell, a Belfast whiskey seller. Educated at Queen's University of Belfast , Mabel shared his interest in Irish ; She met him in London at a language seminar. Before moving to Kerry in March 1913, they lived in France . During this period, he began to participate in the activities of a group of imaginative poets. They had four children: Desmond (1912-1987), Pierce (1914-1986), Fergus (1920-1983) and Garrett (1926-2011).
Irish Nationalist
In 1914, he joined the Irish volunteers and organized a group of volunteers in County Kerry [6] . The recruitment took place under tremendous pressure from the official authorities: many Irish nationalists were expelled in July 1915 on the basis of the Kingdom’s Defense Act of 1914. Fitzgerald took the place of Ernest Blythe [7] . In 1915, he was imprisoned for speaking out against conscription during the First World War [8] . He was later expelled from Kerry and moved to Wicklow County . Fitzgerald's uninhabited nature, as well as the Anglo-Norman descent of the family made him an unpopular figure in the movement.
During the Easter Uprising participated in the capture of the building of the General Post Office . While many sources claim that rebellion was a kind of bloody sacrifice to freedom; however, he personally talked about its advisability with the rebel leaders [9] , Patrick Pearce and Joseph Plunkett , who traveled to Germany in 1915 and were in talks to provide assistance to the rebels. They expected Germany to win the war and a revolt lasting at least three days would allow the Irish to take their place at the peace conference. Although the nationalists proclaimed Ireland a republic in 1916, they subsequently expected to invite the youngest son of Kaiser Joachim of Prussia to the throne [10] .
Fitzgerald was released from prison in 1918 and was soon elected to parliament by Sinn Fein [11] . After the meeting of deputies of the first convocation in 1919, he was appointed director of public affairs and took part in the press of the newspaper Nationality [12] . From 1921 to 1922 - Minister of Public Affairs of the Republic of Ireland.
During the Revolutionary War , he participated in the publication of the Weekly Summary of Acts of Aggression by the Enemy . [13]
Minister
He supported the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . On August 30, 1922, he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government of Southern Ireland . The Irish Free State was proclaimed on December 6th.
In a letter dated April 17, 1923, he submitted an application on behalf of Ireland to join the League of Nations. [14] The country was accepted into the organization the following year. He also represented the new state at Imperial conferences. In 1927, he was appointed Minister of Defense of the Irish Free State. After the defeat of the ruling party in the general elections of 1932, he retained his seat in parliament until 1938. In the same year he was elected to the Senate , where he remained until leaving politics in 1943.
Family
One of his sons, Garrett Fitzgerald , also served as Foreign Minister in the 1970s and as Prime Minister in the 1980s.
Notes
- ↑ Directory of Members - 1919 - 2018 - Houses of the Oireachtas - Tithe an Oireachtais . www.oireachtas.ie. Date of treatment January 8, 2018.
- ↑ " Desmond's Rising: Memoirs 1913 to Easter 1916 ", with foreword by Garret FitzGerald ; Liberties Press, Dublin, published 1968 and 2006; pp. 9, 11.
- ↑ E7 Now & Then
- ↑ Carr, Helen, The Verse Revolutionaries: Ezra Pound, HD and The Imagists. Random House.
- ↑ Carr, Helen. The Verse Revolutionaries: Ezra Pound, HD and The Imagists (Kindle Location 167). Random House. Kindle Edition.
- ↑ C Townshend, “Easter 1916,” (London 2006), p. 44-5.
- ↑ Townshend, p. 82.
- ↑ Murphy, William. Political Imprisonment and the Irish, 1912-1921 . 2014: Oxford University Press. - P. 38. - ISBN 0191651265 .
- ↑ Townshend, p. 264.
- ↑ " Desmond's Rising Memoirs 1913 to Easter 1916 ", op.cit., P. 142-144.
- ↑ Desmond FitzGerald . ElectionsIreland.org . Date of treatment February 12, 2012.
- ↑ Report of the Propaganda Department, nd, (May 1920), National Archives of Ireland DE: 2/10.
- ↑ Bureau of Military History WS 939 (Ernest Blythe).
- ↑ Irish application to join League of Nations dated 17 April 1923 - (Source: www.difp.ie).
Literature
- Papers of Desmond and Mabel FitzGerald, P80: Descriptive Catalog , UCD Archives, University College Dublin
- Desmond FitzGerald Photographs , UCD Digital Library, University College Dublin. The majority of these photographs arise out of the Civil War but other smaller series relate to the aftermath of the Easter Rising and to the War of Independence. There are also other series of army portraits and of historical occasions photographs.
- Townshend, Charles, Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion (London 2006)
- Townshend, C, The Republic: The Fight For Irish Independence (London 2014)