Franz Xavier Kugler (November 27, 1862 - January 25, 1929) - German Jesuit priest , known for his fundamental achievements in the field of the history of astronomy of Ancient Babylon .
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Bibliography
- 3 Memory
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
- 7 References
Biography
Kugler was born in the Bavarian town of Königsbach, currently part of the city of Neustadt an der Weinstraße (the street on which Kugler was born now bears his name). In August 1878, Kugler entered the Kaiserslautern Industrial School, which he graduated in October 1880 at the age of 17. The main disciplines studied at this educational institution were technical mechanics and applied chemistry. Kugler continued his studies in 1880-1885 at the Technical University of Munich . In 1885 he received a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Basel . However, Kugler did not become a professional chemist: in 1886, he joined the Jesuit Order and began to study theology at a Jesuit college in the city of Bleienbeck (province of Limburg (Netherlands) ). In 1893, Kugler was ordained . Four years later, at the age of 35, Kugler became a professor of mathematics at St. Ignatia in the city of Valkenburg an der Göl in the Netherlands.
Back in 1886, Kugler met an outstanding Assyriologist, specialist in ancient Babylonian astronomy, Joseph Epping, and under his influence he became interested in astronomy and mathematics of Ancient Mesopotamia . In 1900, Kugler, on the basis of deciphering cuneiform tablets, reconstructed the Babylonian theory of the movement of the moon in the sky, and in 1907 he first recreated the Babylonian theory of planetary motion. Based on studies of cuneiform texts of astronomical and astrological content, he proved the failure of pan-Babylonism .
Franz Xavier Kugler died in 1929 in Lucerne , Switzerland .
Bibliography
- Die Babylonische Mondrechnung , Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder , (1900).
- Die Sternenfahrt des Gilgamesch: Kosmologische würdigung des babylonischen Nationalepos. (1904).
- Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel . Münster in Westfalien: Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchandlung, (1907). 2 Vols.
- Darlegungen und Thesen über altbabylonische Chronologie , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete, 22 (1909), pp. 63-78 (*).
- GUR, masihu sa sattuk, KA , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete, 23 (1909), pp. 267—273
- Im Bannkreis Babels: panbabylonistische Konstruktionen und religionsgeschichtliche Tatsachen . Münster: Aschendorff (1910).
- Zwei Kassitenkönige der Liste A , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete, 24 (1910), 173-178.
- Chronologisches und Soziales aus der Zeit Lugalanda's und Urukagina’s , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete, 25 (1911), 275-280.
- Contribution à la météorologie babylonienne , Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale, 8 (1911), 107-130.
- Bemerkungen zur neuesten Königsliste , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete, 27 (1912), 242-245.
- Von Moses bis Paulus: Forschungen zur Geschichte Israels . Münster: Aschendorff, (1922).
- Sibyllinischer Sternkampf und Phaëthon in naturgeschichtlicher Beleuchtung Münster in Westfalen: Aschendorff (1927).
Memory
In honor of Kugler named crater on the far side of the moon [3] .
See also
- Babylonian astronomy
- Epping, Joseph
- Strassmeier, Johann
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 116599642 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ Menzel, DH; Minnaert, M .; Levin, B. & Dollfus, A., " Report on Lunar Nomenclature by The Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU ", Space Science Reviews Vol. 12 (2): 136–186 , DOI 10.1007 / bf00171763 . P. 157: “ Kugler , FX (1862-1929), German Jesuit; deciphering of the Babylonian tablets on planetary motions; Babylonian chronology. (M) (53S, 104E) »
Literature
- Van der Waerden B. L. Awakening Science II. The birth of astronomy. - M .: Science, 1991.
- Neugebauer O. Exact sciences in antiquity. - M .: Science, 1968.
- Pannekoek A. History of Astronomy. - M .: Science, 1966.
- Evans J. The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy. - New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
- Thurston H. Early astronomy. - New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
Links
- Thompson GD The Recovery of Babylonian Astronomy. Strassmaier, Epping, Kugler, and Schaumberger: A History and Legacy of Their Co-operative Pioneering Effort to Recover Babylonian Astronomy . Ancient Zodiacs, Star Names, and Constellations: Essays and Annotated Bibliographies .