Mikluha, Vladimir Nikolaevich

In all documents, Vladimir Nikolaevich had the surname "Mikluha". In track records, award documents, lifetime directories (for example, "All Petersburg"), etc. - he is "Mikluha." Even on the plaque in the Church of the Savior on the Waters (Temple Monument to the Victims of the Battle of Tsushima), he was called the name "Mikluha". The surname “Miklouho-Maclay” began to be attributed to him after his death, by analogy with his older brother , whose second part of his surname appeared after a trip to Australia ^[1] . His ancestors are Little Russian nobles ^{[2] [3]} . Regarding its origin, Miklouho-Maclay , the elder brother of Vladimir Nikolaevich, made notes on the sidelines of the manuscript of an essay about his life and travels, which he presented to the reader E. S. Tomassen ^[4] :

My ancestors come from Ukraine , and were Zaporizhzhya Cossacks from the Dnieper . After the annexation of Ukraine, Stepan, one of the family members, served as a centurion (the highest Cossack officer rank) under the command of General Count Rumyantsev and distinguished himself during the assault on the Turkish fortress Ochakov , by decree of Catherine II the noble rank was given.

Original text

My ancestors came originally from the Ukraine, and were Zaporogg-cossacks of the Dnieper. After the annexation of the Ukraine, Stepan, one of the family, served as sotnik (a superior Cossack officer) under General Count Rumianzoff, and having distinguished himself at the storming of the Turkish fortress of Otshakoff, was by ukase of Catherine II created a noble ...

Hereditary nobleman of St. Petersburg , his ancestors were Little Russian nobles ^[2] .

• September 18, 1868 - Adopted by the pupil in the Marine Corps.
• April 16, 1869 - Admitted to active service.
• April 16, 1872 - Midshipman .
• November 9, 1872 - Assigned to the 4th naval crew.
• August 30, 1873 - Michman .
• October 30, 1875 - seconded to the Hydrographic Department.
• October 22, 1876 - Departed to the 3rd naval crew.
• November 20, 1876 - Transferred to the 2nd Navy crew of the Black Sea Fleet.
• 1877-1878 - Participated in the Russian-Turkish war on the auxiliary cruisers Argonaut and Vladimir.
  • July 8, 1877 - Participated in the battle with three Turkish battleships on the ship "Argonaut" at the Sulinsky throat of the Danube.
  • July 22, 1877 - On the steamboat Vladimir participated in transport operations on the Gudauta - Novorossiysk line in view of the enemy’s cruisers.
• January 1, 1878 - Lieutenant .
• February 18, 1880 - Retired from service with the rank of retired lieutenant commander .
• March 8, 1881 - Returned to service with the rank of lieutenant.
• May 12, 1881 - Assigned to the 7th naval crew.
• May 30, 1881 - Dismissed for service on commercial ships with admission to the fleet.
• March 10, 1888 - Dismissed from service in the Voluntary Fleet with admission to the 7th naval crew.
• April 9, 1888 - Transferred to the Black Sea Fleet.
• April 14, 1888 - Assigned to the 2nd Black Sea Naval Crew.
• May 26, 1899 - I. D. senior officer on the squadron battleship " Catherine II "
• March 26, 1890 - The commander of the destroyer Kiliya.
• October 4, 1890 - I. D. senior officer on the squadron battleship " Twelve Apostles ."
• January 1, 1891 - Captain of the 2nd rank .
• January 19, 1891 - Approved as senior officer of the squadron battleship " Twelve Apostles ."
• December 30, 1891 - Enrolled in the 34th naval crew.
• May 12, 1892 - Chairman of the crew court.
• May 15 - October 21, 1895 - Commander of the battleship coast defense "Novgorod".
• October 30, 1895 - September 7, 1897 - Commander of the gunboat " Kubanets ".
• As a result of a hunting accident, he lost the fingers of his right hand.
• April 5, 1898 - Captain 1st rank .
• September 4, 1898 - Transferred to the Baltic Fleet.
• September 11, 1898 - Assigned to the 18th naval crew.
• December 30, 1899 - Chairman of the selection committee at the crew and artillery stores of the St. Petersburg port.
• September 23, 1900 - VR. and. D. Acting commander of the 18th naval crew.
• January 1 - December 28, 1901 - The commander of the battleship " Do not touch me ."
• October 9, 1901 - Acting Head of the 1st Navy Crew.
• December 6, 1901 - October 11, 1902 - Commander of the floating battery " Firstborn ".
• September 2, 1902 - Commander of the 1st naval crew.
• October 18, 1902 - Joined the command of the battleship coastal defense " Admiral Ushakov ."
• November 1904 - Dismissed from the ship as having fulfilled the requirements of the sea ​​qualification under the command of ships of the 1st rank.
• December 1904 - May 15, 1905 - Commander of the coastal defense battleship “ Admiral Ushakov ”.

During the Tsushima battle, the battleship “Admiral Ushakov” received a hole in the bow, which was why it could not maintain a sufficiently high course and lagged behind the squadron on the night of May 14-15. May 15, being intercepted by the Japanese armored cruisers Iwate and Yakumo , refused to surrender and entered into an unequal battle. Due to the heavy wear of the guns (the ship served in the Baltic in the Training and Artillery Unit, and its guns were used to train the commandants ), the latter lost their range and accuracy. Having not reached a single hit in the enemy in about a 40-minute battle, but received a number of additional injuries, the ship was sunk by order of V.N. Miklukhi. The commander himself died in the water from blood loss and hypothermia. There is no exact data on the circumstances of the death of the commander of the 1st rank captain, Mikluha: who saw him rushing into the water last from Ushakov, who sailed on a lifebuoy, but already dead, who claimed that he was not picked up for lack of space on boats. According to Japanese newspapers, Mikluha himself refused help and pointed to a sailor who died next to him ^[5] . In total, 7 officers (including the commander), 3 conductors, and 84 non-commissioned officers and sailors were killed from the command of the battleship.

On the second day of the battle, May 15, 1905, Japanese ships surrounded Ushakov. By that time, Nebogatov with all his detachment (five armadillos and one cruiser) had already surrendered. The Japanese raised a signal in front of Ushakov: “We offer to surrender. Admiral Nebogatov surrendered with the team. " Miklouho-Maclay, having examined the beginning of the signal, exclaimed: “Well, then there’s nothing to disassemble! Down with the answer! Open fire! ”

- V.P. Kostenko . On the "Eagle" in Tsushima . - L .: Sudpromgiz, 1955.

He was a member of the naval circle of the Military organization of the party " Narodnaya Volya " in Kronstadt . Earlier, as a cadet of the Maritime School, he participated with revolutionary comrades N. E. Sukhanov and F. N. Yurkovsky in the revolutionary circle, which disguised itself as the "Whale Society", and in 1874 , after graduating from the college, together with the midshipman Serebrennikov P. I. distributed illegal literature and intended to leave military service in order to join "going to the people."

• Bronze medal in memory of the war of 1877-1878 (04/17/1878)
• Order of St. Stanislav III degree (08/29/1879)
• Order of St. Anne of the III degree (01.01.1883)
• Order of St. Anne, II degree (12/06/1896)
• Order of St. Vladimir IV degree with a bow for 25 years of service in officer ranks (09/27/1899)
• Gift with the monogram image of the Highest Name (12/06/1901)
• Prussian Order of the Red Eagle , 2nd Degree (08/12/1902)

In November 1910, the former navigator of the battleship, captain-lieutenant E. A. Maksimov, filed a motion to award V. N. Mikluha the Order of St. George 4th degree for the battle on May 15, but it was not satisfied ^{[6] [7 ] ]} . However, later, in 1914, one of the newest destroyers of the division, named as part of the heroes of naval battles ^[8] - received a name in honor of V. N. Miklukhi.

Father

Nikolai Ilyich Mikluha (1818-1858) - Russian engineer-traveler, hereditary Little Russian nobleman. The builder of the Nikolaev railway and the first chief of the Moscow station .

Mother

Ekaterina Semenovna Becker - daughter of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, Colonel Semyon Becker .

Brothers

The elder brother is the famous Russian scientist and traveler Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay .

Younger brother - geologist and people's leader Mikhail Mikluha

Spouses

1st marriage - Khrenova, Julia Nikolaevna (d. 12/29/1895 from tuberculosis)

2nd marriage (05/23/1899) - Yushkevich, Antonina, widow of a nobleman Iul

He was friends with F.K.Drizhenko , with whom he had an internship at the Pulkovo Observatory.

• Destroyer "Captain I rank Miklouho-Maclay" (from December 18, 1918 - "Spartak")

• People's will
• N. S. Novikov-Surf. Tsushima Chapter 7
• N. S. Novikov-Surf. Tsushima Chapter 9