Kwak Cheu ( cor. 郭 再 祐, 곽재우 ; 1552 - 1617 ) is a Korean statesman and military leader from the Joseon Dynasty , one of the national heroes of Korea [2] . Member of the Japanese-Korean War of 1592 - 1598 . One of the organizers of the Korean partisan detachments . The nickname is Kesu [3] , the posthumous name is Chunik [4] . Called by the people "a general in red robes who came down from heaven" [5] .
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Biography
Kwak Cheu was born in 1552 in Gyeongsang Province into a noble landowner family [2] . He received a good Confucian education and had a talent for eloquence.
In 1587 , at the age of 34, Kwak successfully passed state exams for the position of civilian official of the Joseon Dynasty. He worked in the provincial government, but soon left public service due to a conflict with his superiors and criticism of the regime [2] .
In 1592 , after the Japanese invasion of Korea , Kwak began forming partisan detachments of petty gentry, burghers and peasants to resist the conquerors. He sold his estates to purchase weapons and recruit commanders. Kwak troops carried out successful raids behind enemy lines. Avoiding a direct clash with the main Japanese forces, the general attacked communication lines and small units [6] . He also attacked small infantry units that requisitioned food in Korean villages. In 1592, the Kwak partisans prevented the Japanese commander Ankokuji Eikey from conquering the Jeolla province, and also foiled the Japanese assault on the Chinju fortress. [6]
General Kwak's business card in all combat sorties was his red clothes, dyed with the menstrual blood of virgins [2] . The general believed that the dark female yin energy turned his clothes into armor inaccessible to Japanese firearms - the personification of male yang energy [2] . Because of this, Kwak's outfit was called the “General in Red Clothes” [2] .
Kwak's successes in guerrilla warfare gave rise to many legends about him. In popular consciousness, the general became a symbol of the people's avenger. Despite harsh criticism of the authorities and unauthorized actions, the Korean government recognized the merits of Kwak and appointed in late 1592 the chairman of the department of the Ministry of Punishment . In 1593 , he was promoted to head of the city of Songju , and in 1595 became the head of the city of Jinju .
After the war, Kwak again quarreled with his superiors and left the service. He spent the rest of his life at home, studying Confucianism. The studies of the general were published in the collection "Manidan" - Hall of Forgotten Concerns [7] .
Kwak Cheu died in 1617 .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hawley, Samuel. "The Imjin War: japan's sixteenth-century invasion of Korea and attempt to conquer China." - Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, 2005 .-- 277.
- ↑ box . 季 綬, 계수 .
- ↑ cor. 忠 翼, 충익
- ↑ cor. 天降 紅衣 將軍, 천강 홍의 장군 .
- ↑ 1 2 Hawley, Samuel. "The Imjin War: japan's sixteenth-century invasion of Korea and attempt to conquer China." - Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, 2005 .-- 272 - 273.
- ↑ Hawley, Samuel. "The Imjin War: japan's sixteenth-century invasion of Korea and attempt to conquer China." - Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, 2005 .-- 274.
Sources and Literature
- (Eng.) Hawley, Samuel. "The Imjin War: japan's sixteenth-century invasion of Korea and attempt to conquer China." - Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, 2005.
- 野 等 等 『文 禄 ・ 慶 長 の 役』 戦 争 の 日本史 、 16 、 吉川弘 文 館 、 2008 年 2 月 、 284-289 頁。
- 鄭 杜 煕 、 李 ギ ョ ン ス ン 、 金 文 子 、 小 幡 倫 裕 編 『壬辰 戦 争』 明石 書店 (2008)
- 笠 谷 和 比 古 ・ 黒 田慶 一共 著 『秀吉 の 野 望 と 誤 算 文 禄 ・ 慶 長 の 役 と 関 ヶ 原 合 戦』 文 英 堂 2000 年 6 月
- Rockstein, Edward D., Ph.D. Strategic And Operational Aspects of Japan's Invasions of Korea 1592-1598 , 1993-6-18. Naval War College, Newport, RI
- Swope, Kenneth M. "Crouching Tigers, Secret Weapons: Military Technology Employed During the Sino-Japanese-Korean War, 1592-1598", The Journal of Military History pp. 69 (January 2005): pp. 11–42. (C) Society for Military History.
- Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98 . London: Cassell & Co, 2002, ISBN 0-304-35948-3 .
Links
- (cor.) Kwak Cheu // NAVER