Hartford [1] [2] ( Eng. Hartford ) - a city in the northeastern United States , the administrative center of Connecticut . Located in Hartford County on the banks of the Connecticut River. In 2010, the population of the city was 124,775 people. The city is the third largest in the state after Bridgeport and New Haven . Greater Hartford ranks 45th in terms of population in the United States (1,212,381 people in 2010) [3] .
| City | |||
| Hartford | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Hartford | |||
 City center | |||
| |||
| A country |  USA | ||
| State | Connecticut | ||
| County | Hartford | ||
| The mayor | Luke Bronin | ||
| History and Geography | |||
| Based | 1635 | ||
| City with | 1784 | ||
| Square | 46.5 km² | ||
| Center height | 18 m | ||
| Climate type | moderately continental | ||
| Timezone | UTC − 5 ; summer UTC − 4 | ||
| Population | |||
| Population | 124 775 people ( 2010 ) | ||
| Agglomeration | 1 212 381 | ||
| Digital identifiers | |||
| Telephone code | 860, 959 | ||
| Postal codes | 061xx | ||
| hartford.gov | |||
Content
History
In 1623 , the Dutch settlement of Fort Good Hope ( Dutch Fort Goede Hoop ) was founded at the confluence of the Connecticut and Park rivers.
The first English settlers arrived in the Hartford area in 1635. Their settlement was initially called Newton, and in 1637 it was renamed Hartford. It is assumed that this name comes from the name of the English city of Hartford ( English Hertford ).
On December 15, 1815 , New England delegations gathered at Hartford to discuss secession from the United States. Hartford was later the center of abolitionism .
On July 6, 1944 , a severe fire broke out in the city circus, as a result of which 167 people died (according to other sources - 169) and over 700 were injured.
Since the middle of the 20th century, the city’s population has begun to decline, white citizens move to the suburbs , African-Americans and Hispanics come to replace them (the share of whites fell from 92.8% in 1950 to 15.8% in 2010). In the 1980s, Hartford was experiencing a period of economic recovery, ending in the early 1990s.
In 1981 , Thurman L. Milner became the first African American mayor of the city and the first black mayor in New England. In 1987 , Carrie Saxon Perry became the first black woman mayor of the city.
Geography and climate
The Connecticut River flows along the eastern edge of the city. The River Park, which once divided Hartford into its northern and southern parts, is currently enclosed in a reservoir.
Hartford lies in a zone of temperate continental climate , moderated by the influence of the Atlantic Ocean . Winter is cold and snowy, summers are hot and rainy, with frequent severe thunderstorms.
| Hartford Climate | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Absolute maximum, ° C | 22.2 | 22.7 | 31.6 | 35.5 | 37,2 | 37.7 | 39,4 | 38.8 | 38.3 | 32,7 | 28.3 | 24.4 | 39,4 |
| Average maximum, ° C | 1.3 | 3.6 | 8.7 | 15.8 | 21.7 | 26,4 | 29.1 | 28.1 | 23.8 | 17,2 | 10.8 | 4.2 | 15.8 |
| Average temperature, ° C | −3.2 | −1.2 | 3.2 | 9.6 | 15,2 | 20,2 | 23.1 | 22.1 | 17.6 | 11.1 | 5.7 | −0.2 | 10,2 |
| Average minimum ° C | −7.9 | −6.1 | −2.2 | 3,5 | 8.7 | 14.0 | 17.0 | 16.1 | 11.5 | 5,0 | 0.6 | −4.7 | 4.6 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | −32.2 | −31.1 | −21.1 | −12.7 | −2.2 | 2.7 | 6.6 | 2.2 | −1.1 | −8.3 | −17.2 | −27.7 | −32.2 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 82 | 73 | 91 | 94 | 110 | 110 | 106 | 99 | 98 | 111 | 98 | 87 | 1159 |
| Source: NWS | |||||||||||||
Economics
The Hartford area has historically been one of the industrial centers of New England. Despite the fact that the general tendency for the United States to deindustrialization did not escape Connecticut, the city still plays an important role in the industry of the North-East of the USA. In the suburbs of Hartford Farmington is the headquarters of the UTC group of companies (United Technologies Corporation) , which includes:
- Carrier (one of the world's leading companies in the production of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, cooling)
- Hamilton Standard (a defense complex company that designs and manufactures aviation and other military equipment)
- Otis (the world's largest manufacturer of elevators and escalators)
- Pratt & Whitney (manufacturer of aircraft engines, gas turbines, etc.)
- Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation from July 1929 to November 2015 (a world leader in the development and production of helicopters for commercial, industrial and military needs)
Pratt & Whitney America is headquartered in Hartford. Also in the city and its environs are the factories of the company producing aircraft engines and their components.
An important role in the urban economy is also played by insurance, healthcare, and especially education. Hartford University and its surrounding suburbs include Hartford University , Trinity College , Goodwin College , St. Joseph University, University of Connecticut Law School, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Hartford Campus) and Hartford Seminary . Hartford and Springfield have more than 26 colleges and universities. This area is the second most tertiary institution in New England.
Due to the status of the state capital, many citizens are provided with jobs in government at various levels.
Transport
The city is served by the Bradley International Airport ( IATA : BDL , ICAO : KBDL ) with an annual passenger turnover of 5.6 million people (2011). The airport operates flights to most major cities in the United States, except the West Coast, as well as to Toronto and Montreal . There are seasonal flights to Cancun and Punta Cana . For long-distance flights, citizens often use the airports of Boston and New York .
In Hartford, there is an Amtrak company station, on which more than a dozen New York - Boston trains stop daily, and trains leave for various cities in Connecticut , Massachusetts , and Vermont .
Interstate Highways I-84 and I-91 pass through the city .
Public transportation in and around Hartford is represented by 43 regular bus routes and 17 express bus routes operated by Connecticut Transit Hartford .
Population
According to the 2010 census, 124 775 people lived in the city, there were 44 986 households and 27 171 families.
Racial composition of the population:
- white - 15.8% (in 1970 - 63.9%)
- African Americans - 38.7%
- Hispanics (all races) - 43.4%
- Asians - 2.8%
Puerto Ricans make up 33.7% of citizens, being the largest national group. Mayor Pedro Segarra, just like his predecessor Eddie Perez, are natives of Puerto Rico.
The average annual per capita income is $ 13,428 (the lowest among state capitals, while the Connecticut average is one of the highest in the United States). 30% of the Hartford population has an income below the poverty line, which is the second in the US after Brownsville (Texas) . The average age of citizens is 30 years. The crime rate is very high, 3.4 times higher than the American average and 4.8 times higher than the state average.
Among voters of the city supporters of the Democratic Party prevail. [four]
Attractions
- Mark Twain House
- House Harriet Beecher Stowe
Twin Cities
- Poland : Bydgoszcz
- Puerto Rico : Caguas
- Portugal : Mangvalde
- Jamaica : Morant Bay
- Ireland : New Ross
- Nicaragua : Ocotal
- Greece : Thessaloniki
- United Kingdom : Hertford ( England )
- Italy : Floridia
- Sierra Leone : Freetown
Notes
- ↑ United States of America // Atlas of the World / comp. and preparation. to the ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2009; ch. ed. G.V. Pozdnyak . - M .: PKO "Cartography": Onyx, 2010. - S. 168-169. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography). - ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (Onyx).
- ↑ Hartford // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / resp. ed. A.M. Komkov . - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1986. - S. 405.
- ↑ http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2006_9.csv
- ↑ Archived copy . Date of treatment October 2, 2006. Archived September 23, 2006.