Nicolae (Nikolai Petrovich) Zubku-Codreanu ( Romanian Nicolae Zubcu Codreanu , 1850 , Nisipozhni village, near Chisinau , Bessarabsk Governorate , Russian Empire - December 31, 1878 , Bucharest ) - Romanian revolutionary democrat , thinker, doctor , sociologist , journalist and writer . One of the founders of socialism in Romania.
| Nicolae (Nikolai Petrovich) Zubku-Codreanu | |
|---|---|
| room Nicolae Zubcu Codreanu | |
| Date of Birth | 1850 |
| Place of Birth | der. Nissypozhni near Chisinau . Bessarabian Province , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | December 31, 1878 |
| Place of death | Bucharest Principality of Romania |
| Occupation | medic, sociologist |
| Education | St. Petersburg Medico-Surgical Academy |
| Main ideas | revolutionary democracy , socialism |
Content
Biography
Son of the deacon of the village church.
In 1870-1874 he studied medicine at the St. Petersburg Medico-Surgical Academy . By profession - a doctor. The Russian revolutionary democrats had a great influence on the worldview of N. Zubku-Codreanu, in addition, familiarity with the works of Marx and Engels played a certain role. During his student years he participated in the activities of the populist circles. Pursued by the royal secret police.
After returning to his homeland in late 1874, N.Zubku-Codreanu founded the first socialist circles (in Iasi and Bucharest ). Members of the circles conducted socialist propaganda in educational institutions, helped to transport the banned revolutionary literature to Russia. Participated in the publication of the first Romanian socialist newspaper "Sochialisul" ("Socialistui"; 1st number was released May 26, 1877).
Revolutionary and peasant socialist - populist , N. Zubka-Codreanu defended the idea of revolution, ruthlessly criticized supporters of social reforms.
N. Zubku-Codreanu wrote
“A capitalist society with its institutions, like a worm, which, in order to destroy, cannot be left a single piece, so that it will not be revived ... This truth is forgotten by our contemporaries, who want to temporarily cure all the ills of society with temporarily facilitating means”
- “Documents from the history of Romania” - “Documente privind istoria României”, v. 1, pt. 1, Buc, p. 510
.
Based on Proudhon ’s formula “property is theft” , N. Zubku-Codreanu demanded the elimination of private property and the establishment of public property. He was an ardent champion of the freedom and friendship of nations.
Materialism in his views was manifested mainly in his criticism of religion , in exposing its class roots and its reactionary role. The socio-economic backwardness of Moldova and Romania of the 1870s, as well as the influence of Spencer’s philosophy , prevented N. Zubka-Codreanu from understanding the essence of the Marxist teaching.
He worked as a doctor. He was one of the first physicians who dealt with sociological problems in Romania. He linked the state of public health with the conditions of social life. The underground transported Romanian literature to Russia, including school textbooks. During the Russian-Turkish war (1877–1878), it sent a load of revolutionary literature to Russian soldiers stationed in Romania.
He died from the disease.
Selected Works
- "On the state, property and family", 1880
- “Romania”, “Community”, Geneva , 1878, No 3-4, p. 46-48 (pseudo. N. Drag);
- Letters in the book: “Istrati S., About pagină din socialismul rom in”, (Bucharest, 1880); in Russian per. in the book: “Advanced Romanian Thinkers of the XVIII — XIX Centuries”, M., 1961.
Literature
- Philosophical Encyclopedia. In 5 tons. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. Edited by F. V. Konstantinov. 1960-1970.
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978.
- Soviet historical encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. Ed. E.M. Zhukova. 1973-1982.
Links
- Biography (rum.)