Abishem I ( date. Abi-shemu ) - the king of Byblos about 1800 BC. e.
| Abisham I | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| date fruit. Abi-shemu | |||||||
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| Predecessor | ? | ||||||
| Successor | Ipsimuabi I | ||||||
| Children | son: Ipsimuabi I | ||||||
| Name to Abisham hieroglyphs | ||||||
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Biography
Abisham I - one of the first rulers of the Bible , mentioned in historical sources . Previously, he knew only one biblical king - Ibdati , whose activities date back to the second half of the XXI century BC. e. [1] [2] [3] The name Abisham has an Amorean origin [4] .
Abisham I, first of all, is known for his tomb (No. I) in the royal necropolis of Byblos . The burial has been preserved almost completely. During the excavation, several valuable archaeological finds were found, including the king’s large undecorated sarcophagus , hollowed out of white limestone . Around it were various objects previously found in clay vessels: gilded weapons and jewelry, as well as a partially gilded obsidian vase with the name of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenemkhet III . Perhaps silver items were made in Egypt. No remains of Abisham I himself were found [5] [6] [7] .
None of the objects found in the crypt has the name Abisham, however, it is mentioned in the neighboring burial (tomb No. II), which belonged to his son and heir Ipsimubi I. In the seal discovered here, Abisheme I is endowed with the "hatiyya" ("ruler of the city"). Findings made in Abisham I’s burial testify to the strong Egyptian influence on the Bible under this king and his closest successors. Probably, at that time in the Bible ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing could be used. It is likely that Abisham I and his successors were considered by the pharaohs only as governors, but the use of cartouches by the Bible rulers to record their names testifies to their considerable independence in the management of their possessions [5] [6] .
Findings indicate that Abishemu I was a contemporary of the pharaoh Amenemkhet III [2] . Thus, his reign dates back to the border of the XIX and XVIII centuries BC. e. (sometimes more accurately: between 1820-1795 years BC) [3] . Abisham I was the founder of the dynasty of the kings of the Bible, which ruled for several generations. The last known representative of this genus was probably King Aeglius [1] [3] [6] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Reallexikon der Assyriologie / Weidner E., Soden W. von. - Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1957-1971. - Bd. 3 .-- S. 674.
- ↑ 1 2 Lipiński E. Dieux et déesses de l'univers phénicien et punique . - Leuven / Louvain: Peeters Publishers, 1995 .-- P. 68. - ISBN 978-9-0683-1690-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Seyed-Ashraf H. Metropolen des alten Orients . - Books on Demand, 2016. - P. 48. - ISBN 978-3-7392-9672-2 .
- ↑ Xella P. Sources écrites indirectes. Les sources cunéiformes // Handbuch der Orientalistik: Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten / Krings V. - BRILL, 1995 .-- P. 41. - ISBN 978-9-0041-0068-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 Dhorme P. Byblos et l'Égypte // Journal des Savants. - P .: Libraire Orientaliste, 1930. - No. 6 . - P. 260—272.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Tsirkin Yu. B. From Canaan to Carthage. - M .: LLC Astrel Publishing House; LLC Publishing House AST, 2001. - S. 46-48. - ISBN 5-17-005552-8 .
- ↑ Leick G. Who's Who in the Ancient Near East . - L. & N. Y .: Psychology Press, 2002. - P. 2. - ISBN 978-0-4151-3231-2 .
Literature
- Montet P. Quatre campagnes de fouilles à Gebeil (1921-1922-1923-1924). - P. , 1928. - P. 143-148 & 155-204.