Itobaal IV ( Itto-Baal, Etbaal ; “the proximity of Baal ” [1] or “Baal with him” [2] ; date. Ito-ba'al ) - the king of Tire in the last third of the 6th century BC. er
| Itobaal IV | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| date fruit. Ito-ba'al | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Hiram III | ||||||
| Successor | Hiram IV | ||||||
| Birth | VI century BC. er | ||||||
| Death | VI century BC. er | ||||||
| Father | Hiram III | ||||||
Biography
Itobaal IV is known only from one inscription preserved on a malachite votive dish . In it, the king of Tire thanked the gods for salvation from the unnamed threat of the cities of Tire and Sidon . The text mentions the king "Itobaal, son of Hiram", on the basis of which it was established that Itobaal IV is the son and heir of the king Hiram III , who died between 533 and 531 BC. er inclusive. According to the inscription, even during the life of his father Itobaal became his co-ruler [3] [4] [5] .
On the reign of Itabaal IV, which dates from approximately the last third of the VI century BC. er., almost nothing is known. It is assumed that in 525 BC. er Phoenician fleet (including ships from Tire) participated in the conquest of Egypt by the Persians . Also, by that time, probably, Cammbis II’s campaign against Carthage , which was canceled due to the Phoenicians' refusal to provide their ships for this expedition. The reason for the refusal was the unwillingness of the Tirts to fight against the descendants of their compatriots [6] [7] .
Probably, the reign of Itobaal IV did not last longer than the turn of the 6th and 5th centuries BC. er The next known from historical sources, the king of Tire was Hiram IV , the father of the participant of the Greco-Persian Wars Mattan III [3] [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Menander of Ephesus . Fragments // Phoenician Mythology / Translation Turaeva B. A. - SPb. : Summer Garden , Neva , 1999.
- ↑ Rollston Ch. A. Ethbaal // Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible / DN, Myers AC - Amsterdam: Eardmans Publishing Co., 2000. - P. 431. - ISBN 978-9-0535-6503-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 Tsirkin, 2001 , p. 288.
- Ip ń ip E. Histor::::: - Leuven / Louvain: Peeters Publishers, 2006. - P. 201. - ISBN 978-9-0429-1798-9 .
- 2 1 2 Elayi J. An . - P. , 2006. - № 32 . - P. 11-43.
- ↑ Herodotus . History (Book III, Chapters 1 and 19).
- ↑ Tsirkin, 2001 , p. 276.
Literature
- Tsirkin Yu. B. From Canaan to Carthage. - M .: LLC Astrel Publishing House; LLC AST Publishing House, 2001. - 528 p. - ISBN 5-17-005552-8 .