Alternaria ( lat. Alternaria ) is a genus of fungi that is included in the class of Dotideomycetes .
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Alternaria Nees , 1817 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Alternaria tenuis Nees , 1817, nom. superfl. - Alternaria alternata ( Fr. ) Keissl. , 1912 - Alternaria alternating | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dark colored species, mostly parasitic on plants. Usually form chains of dictyoconidium or phragmoconidium.
Content
Description
The anamorphic stage forms wide-growing, dark-colored colonies of gray, brown-black or blackish tones. Mycelium septic, immersed in the environment or (partially) superficial, hyphae unstained to brown. Conidiophores simple or branched, single or in bunches, brownish. Conidia (poroconidia) - single or in chains, sometimes branched, ovate to cylindrical, in the upper part in many species elongated in the neck. The most common phragmoconidia, less often - dictyoconidia. The surface of the conidia is smooth or bumpy.
A teleomorph (type Lewia ) forms spherical or ovoid, single or crowded fruit bodies (pseudo-tions) with an outlet. Aski are usually eight-spore, less often four-six-spit, bitunicate, cylindrical to narrow-head. Ascospores are elliptical to fusiform, multicellular.
Ecology
Most species are plant saprotrophs or optional specific parasites found on all plant organs, causing blotchiness.
Systematics
Synonyms
- Allewia EGSimmons , 1990
- Botryomyces de Hoog & C.Rubio , 1982 , nom. illeg.
- Brachycladium Corda , 1838
- Chalastospora EGSimmons, 2007
- Chmelia Svob.-Pol. 1966
- Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderb. , 2006
- Elosia Pers. , 1822
- Embellisia EGSimmons, 1971
- Lewia MEBarr & EGSimmons, 1986
- Macrosporium Fr. , 1832
- Nimbya EGSimmons, 1989
- Rhopalidium Mont. 1836
- Sinomyces Yong Wang bis & XGZhang , 2011
- Teretispora EGSimmons, 2007
- Trichoconiella BLJain , 1976
- Ulocladium Preuss , 1851
- Undifilum BMPryor et al. , 2009
- Ybotromyces Rulamort , 1986 , nom. nov.
Types
The genus includes about 300 species. Some of them:
- Alternaria alternata ( Fr. ) Keissl. - Alternaria alternating
- Alternaria botrytis ( Preuss ) Woudenberg & Crous
- Alternaria brassicae ( Berk. ) Sacc. - Alternaria cabbage
- Alternaria brassicicola ( Schwein. ) Wiltshire - Alternaria cabbage-loving
- Alternaria chartarum Preuss - Alternaria paper
- Alternaria cheiranthi ( Lib. ) PCBolle - Alternaria Heyranta
- Alternaria cichorii Nattrass - Alternaria chicory
- Alternaria citri Ellis & N.Pierce - Citrus Alternaria
- Alternaria consortialis ( ThΓΌm. ) JWGroves & S.Hughes - Alternaria complicit
- Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis & Everh. ) JAElliott - Alternaria cucumber
- Alternaria dauci ( JGKΓΌhn ) JWGroves & Skolko - Alternaria Carrots
- Alternaria gossypii ( Jacz. ) Y.Nisik. et al. - Cotton Alternaria
- Alternaria longipes (Ellis & Everh.) EWMason - Alternaria long-legged
- Alternaria macrospora zimm. - Alternaria krupnoporovaya
- Alternaria ornatissima (Ellis & Barthol. ) P.Joly - Alternaria is the most graceful
- Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif. - Alternaria leek
- Alternaria radicina Meier et al. - Alternaria root
- Alternaria ramulosa (Sacc.) P.Joly - Alternaria branched
- Alternaria solani Sorauer - Alternaria Solanum
- Alternaria tenuissima ( Kunze ) Wiltshire - Alternaria the thinnest
Notes
Literature
- Woudenberg JHC, Groenewald JZ, Binder M., Crous PW Alternaria redefined // Studies in Mycology. - 2013. - Vol. 75 (1). - P. 171-212. - DOI : 10.3114 / sim0015 .