Arrows (Yaroslavl region)

In antiquity, at the location of the village of Strela there was a dwelling of some prince Lyuboslav-Velesil, built by the magician Strela, the legend of which is reflected in the manuscript of Pyotr Vasilyevich Khlebnikov ^{[2] [3]} . Thus, the name of the wizard influenced the name of the village. Arrows could be reflected in the name of the village as a weapon used during the civil strife between the Rostov princes Gvozdev, Priimkov, Temkin, Shchepin, Bakhtiarov ^{[4] [5]} .

According to other sources, the name of the village came from the word arrow, cape, long braid at the confluence of two rivers, or - arrow, indicating a high place on the river bank ^[6] . The village has long been located on the elevated right bank of the Kotorosl River near the town of Varotische (Vorotische). Here earlier, the river made a turn of 180 degrees, as a result of which an arrow (cape) was formed, which could give a name to the settlement that appeared near it ^[7] . The arrow is in Yaroslavl at the mouth of the Kotorosl River.

Based on the manuscript of Alexander Yakovlevich Artynov, the historian Andrei Aleksandrovich Titov noted that in the 16th century (1525), the Arrows belonged to Prince Grigory Ivanovich Temkin . His daughter, Princess Evdokia, the wife of Prince Yuri Andreyevich Khokholkov , gave this patrimony as a dowry for her daughter Matryona, married to Prince Vasily Mikhailovich Lobanov-Rostovsky Menshiy ^{[8] [3]} .

In the years 1629–1631, the village of Strely in the Yakimovsky camp of the Rostov district belonged to Ambassador Vasily Gavrilovich Korobin, son of the boyars Artemy Loginovich Rylov; in 1646 - the boyar Vasily Ivanovich Streshnev; in 1678 - the boyar Ivan Fedorovich, the stolnik Ivan Bogdanovich, the nobleman Fedor Bogdanovich, the boyars Nikita Konstantinovich and Tikhon Nikitich Streshnev; in 1779 - to Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn, Princess Alexander Ivanovna Kurakina, Colonel Grigory Alexandrovich Voeikov; in 1809 - to princes Alexander Mikhailovich and Sergey Mikhailovich Golitsyn, nobleman Fyodor Grigorievich Voeikov; in 1830 - to princes Sergey Mikhailovich Golitsyn and Alexei Borisovich Kurakin; in 1860 - to Prince Mikhail Alexandrovich Golitsyn and Countess Elizaveta Nikolaevna Chernysheva; for the first time after the Manifesto of February 19, 1861, temporarily liable peasants of the Strelsky rural society of the Priimkovsky volost of the Rostov district of the Yaroslavl province lived there ^{[9] [10] [11] [12] [13]} .

In 1646, 41 male peasants lived in the village of Strely; in 1678 - 57 male peasants; in 1779 - 139 peasants of both sexes; in 1816 - 161; in 1860 - 293; in 1894 - 522; in 1914 - 325, in 1917 - 599 (out of 19 villages in the Priimkovsky volost, then there were more residents only in the village of Makarovo - 894 people); in 1923 - 677 (in Strela then there was the largest number of residents out of 2338 people living in the territory of the Belogostitsky village Council in 9 settlements); in the years 1940-1942 - 765; in 2005 - only 30 indigenous people ^{[14] [15] [16]} . The population was entirely Russian and Orthodox (there were Old Believers), landlords, former landlords peasants and citizens.

Until February 19, 1861, the landowners had the right to sell rifle peasants. The order of Prince Stepan Borisovich Kurakin dated December 11, 1794 to the Semibratov patrimonial board contains information about his purchase from his brother, Prince Ivan Borisovich Kurakin, of part of the property in the village of Vasilkovo and the village of Strely for 8500 rubles ^[17] . Since he didn’t have that kind of money, he, through the bermistra Nikita Dosugov, agreed with the fief-peasants to pay him this amount to free them from the quitrent for 1795-1796.

The houses that have survived to this day in Strela from a pine forest were mainly built in the late XIX - early XX centuries. As a rule, these are large “five-walls” with 6 windows along the facade and less often - 5 windows. They were decorated with carved platbands. In place of dilapidated houses from time to time or burnt down in the 20th century, small houses with one-window windows with a facade were placed in small houses. Two posadas of houses “light” and “dark” stand so that their facades look at each other. The facades of houses in the “light” Posad are facing south, and in the “dark” one they are facing north. Near each of the villages there was a dirt footpath, and in the middle of the village there was a dirt road for horse-drawn and motor vehicles. In spring and autumn, as well as in rainy summers, driving through it was difficult. Then horse-drawn vehicles moved along footpaths. Like the names of the villages, the village was colloquially divided by residents into three parts: “Middle” (the central part of the village - from the town “Progon” to the Protok stream), “Kunilovka” (the eastern end - from the Protok stream to the outskirts) and “Golitsinsky the end ”(the western end - from the town“ Run ”to the outskirts). Geographically, the village is located in such a way that the facades of the houses on the outskirts face almost north and south, and their ends - east and west.

Streltsy peasants in their plots cultivated for sale potatoes, chicory, onion “cubate”, onion “Rostov” (seedling (from seed), samples (from seedling), large) ^{[18] [19] [20]} . Beets, carrots, turnips, cabbage, and cucumbers also grew in the gardens. In 1866, peasants Ivan Parshivikov, Fedor Silin, Ivan Tyurin, Alexei Lysov and Vasily Stepanov each had potato grater using horsepower, which, like the four-stage mill by Vasily Panchyokhin, were subject to a zemstvo tax ^[21] . Nikita Grigoryev’s son, Lapshin had a cycle dryer with an oven for three fire chambers 5.5 arshins long, 4 arshins wide, and Ivan Andreev’s son, Parshivikov, had a “honey”, the estimated cost of which was to be charged 80% by the Zemstvo dues in 1867 ^{[ 22]} . In September 1901, the peasants of the village of Strela (only the part that until 1861 belonged to the possessions of Countess E.N. Chernysheva) had 235 acres of 277 sazhens of land, including 11 acres of 110 sazhens - of manor land, 106 acres of 421 sazhens - arable land, 64 tithing 1237 fathoms - floodplain "smooth and hummocky" mowing, 45 tithing 1965 fathoms - pasture in hummock land and 7 tithing 1454 fathoms - uncomfortable land (under roads, swamps, bushes, and "half river"), and the peasants of the village Arrows (only that part, which until 1861 belonged to the possessions of Countess Marie Ilyinichny Osten-Saken) there were 137 acres of 1916.5 saplings of land, including 7 acres of 1065 acres of manor, 22 acres of 117 acres of arable land, 32 acres of 1765.5 acres of floodplain, 47 acres of 1588 acres of mowing, 24 tithes of 438 sazhens - pasture in a hummock dry land and 3 tithes of 1743 sazhens - uncomfortable (under roads and “half-river”) ^[23] .

In 1906, householders Ivan Tsaplin, Grigory Kopnin, Alexei Lapshin, Mikhail Baranov had potato graters ^[24] . In 1911, Ivan Vasiliev's son, Parshivikov, had a shop in the village of Strely ^[25] . In 1916, for 67 heads of peasant farms - for a cycle dryer - for Dronov, Pavlov and Semenov, for two Baranovs (hereinafter namesake), Kiselev, Kopnins, Lysovs, Parshivikovs and Tsaplins, for three Vagins, Kuzins, Stepanovs and Torkovs, among the five Panchekhins, the six Silins, the eight Lapshins, the ten Tyurins, the eleven Goryunovs, and another P.A. Parshivikova is a vegetable dryer ^[26] . Before selling chicory (“golden root”) to the cycling factories of the Trading Houses “A.P. Selivanova S-vya "," Fedinal "and" F.F. Stryzhnikov with S. ", as well as the Partnership" I. Vakhromeev and KO ”in the city of Rostov, Yaroslavl Province, it was first cut (cut) and then dried in large cyclic sheds. Before drying, the “cut” chicory could be ground and “ground” beforehand. Two years later, in 1918, 65 heads of peasant farms had a cyclone dryer, and N.P. Silina, K.V. Panchyokhina, N.A. Tsaplina and M.A. Stepanova - on a vegetable dryer, at. P.A. Parshivikova and N.P. Silina - according to the cycle and vegetable dryer, by A.N. Tsaplina I.G. Kopnina, V.A. Lapshina and I.A. Lysova - for potato grater, in the farm V.G. Lapshin was a forge, the beekeepers: Peter Alexandrovich Parshivikov had 11 beehives, and Nikolai Alexandrovich Tsaplin - 10 beehives ^[27] . Then, in the personal farmstead, the archery peasants had the largest livestock of "different" livestock in the volost, which numbered 422 animals ^[28] . Despite the fact that Strela was part of the Priimkovsky volost (most of it was called “Kurakovschina”), in which a special place was occupied by the production of capons for sale in St. Petersburg and Moscow ^[29] , it was not in demand in the village ^{[30 ] [31] [32]} .

In accordance with the plan approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the RSFSR (hereinafter referred to as the Supreme Economic Council), on August 20, 1919, the plan for the nationalization of tea, coffee and coffee enterprises in Rostov was formed by the Liquidation Commission of the Rostov District Tea Committee, which nationalized on November 20, 1919 nationalized by the Supreme Economic Council of the Russian Federation; Cycle factories of Trading Houses “A.P. Selivanova S-vya "," Fedinal "," F.F. Stryzhnikov with S. "and Partnership" I. Vakhromeev and Co. ”and transferred them to the Joint Plant Management of the State Rostov Cycling and Coffee Factories of the Central Tea Committee of the Supreme Economic Council (“ Centrochay ”), and then - the Main Committee of the Tea, Coffee and Cycle Industry of the Supreme Economic Council (“ Glavchay ”) ^[33] . Subsequently, in these restructured enterprises, Streltsy peasants donated chicory grown on their subsidiary plots. In 1920, 69 heads of peasant farms had a drying oven and they could be "put to use"; the smallest amount of the “cyclic root” of 100 pounds could then be processed by N.P. Tyurin, the largest of 800 pounds - I.G. Kopnin, and in other villages of the Priimkovsky volost, with the exception of S.V. There was no Polunin from the village of Priimkovo, there were no cycloids ^[34] . In 1924, V.G. Lapshin owned a forge of 189 cubic arshins, and I.I. Lysov - 315 cubic arshins, V.A. Lapshin - 220.5 cubic arshins, I.G. Kopnin and M.A. Tsaplin - both of 346.5 cubic arshins, and N.P. owned the dryer. Silin - 420 cubic arshins and M.A. Tsaplin - 520 cubic arshins, and in case of failure to pay the agricultural tax, according to the instructions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies (hereinafter - the All-Russian Central Executive Committee) and the Council of People's Commissars (hereinafter - SNK) of July 11, 1923, they could be attracted to administrative responsibility ^[35] . In 1925, N. N. Tsaplina I.G. Kopnin, brothers Lysov, V.A. Lapshin and M.A. Tsaplin had grated potatoes, M.A. Tsaplina, P.A. Parshivikova, N.P. Silina and K.F. Panchyokhina - on a starch dryer, V.V. Lapshin had a forge, and V.G. Lapshin owned a woodworking establishment and for the manufacture of wheels ^[36] . Of the livestock in the peasant yards were a horse, a cow, a pig, a goat, a sheep, a rabbit, and from a bird - a goose, duck, chicken, turkey. The strong willow rod growing on the banks of Kotorosli was used to weave baskets, tops, swarms (a crib hanging from the ceiling), wattle, including and winter sledges, as well as for other needs in unpretentious peasant farming. We went to fairs in Rostov, the villages of Velikoye, Makarovo, Ugodichi, Porechye, Ilinskoye-Khovanskoye. In Soviet times - to markets in the cities of Yaroslavl, Rybinsk, Gavrilov-Yam, Teykovo, Shuya, Ivanovo, Alexandrov, Strunino, Pushkin, Moscow.

The village is located by the Kotorosl River, so the fish was added to the home table. She was caught all year round, often with the help of nets or tops. Despite this, there were many fish in the river. The peasants treasured it very much and did not catch it for sale. A small craft for the shooting peasants was catching crayfish ^[37] . The water in the river was clear, and therefore abounded with crayfish.

In addition, in summer and early autumn, peasants gathered mushrooms and berries in the undergrowths of “Chisty Swamp”, “Berezovka”, “Dubnyachek”, “Podgarie”, and also in the mixed forest “Orekhovka”. Mushrooms were fried and salted, and jam was made from berries and soaked in large glass bottles, which were purchased mainly before 1917. For ease of use and in order to preserve the bottles, they were placed in high baskets with two handles, woven from a willow river rod.

In the late XIX - early XX centuries, sending and receiving mail correspondence by the peasants of the village of Strela was carried out through the Kurakovsky courtyard, which was located in the Kremlin (territory inside the earthen fortress) of the city of Rostov, behind the "Iron Near" to the rampart and the Ascension Church ^{[38] [39]} . A mention of the compound is contained in the "notes" of Mikhail Ivanovich Morokuev (listed as Marakuev), which reports that in September 1812 Russian soldiers retreating from Moscow stayed in it ^{[40] [41] [42]} . In 1836, it was owned by Countess Elizaveta Nikolaevna Chernysheva, and consisted of a courtyard of a stone 2-storey house with a mezzanine, inside a courtyard of two wooden houses and an outbuilding, 12 wooden “front” benches, an inland patrimony courtyard and land that was “ in the face ”29 fathoms 2 arshins ^[43] . In 1875, a mezzanine was dismantled on a stone house, an attic was built on the facade, and since then the building has become a two-story building, which was already listed in the “Folding sheet of real estate tax in the city of Rostov, Yaroslavl province” and in the “Folding book of collection of real estate the city of Rostov ”, and in 1894 - instead of wooden front shops, stone ones were built ^[44] . To the north of the Kurakovsky farmstead was the Sittsky pond, whose name is associated with the former owners of the villages of the estates of the nobles of the Kurakins, and then the Chernyshevs - by the princes of Sittsky ^{[45] [46] [47]} . A plot of land in Rostov, on which a courtyard was located in the 19th – 20th centuries, also belonged to the Princes of Sittsk in the 17th century. In 1867, the compound passed from E.N. Chernysheva to the society of peasants of Priimkovsky volost, and the peasants immediately handed over a stone house and shops to the merchant Pervushin for 711 rubles per annum, despite the fact that “in the old days this house was given for 500 rubles or less” ^[48] . On June 23, 1878, peasants insured the Kurakovo Compound for a year at the Real Estate Mutual Insurance Company in the city of Rostov, Yaroslavl Province, for 8700 rubles with payment of 66 rubles 28 kopecks in silver, including 58 rubles 45 kopecks made up the insurance premium, 1 ruble 30 kopecks - stamp duty and 6 rubles 53 kopecks - state duty ^[49] .

At the beginning of the 20th century, the attic was dismantled and built on a mezzanine over a 2-story stone house. What this building looked like then, you can partially see in the background the paintings of Pyotr Ivanovich Petrovichev “Rostov the Great in Autumn”, which is in the collection of the State Museum-Reserve “Rostov Kremlin”. The buildings belonging to the peasants of the Priimkovsky volost in the Kurakovsky farmstead consisted of 2-storey, four 1-storey retail premises, 2-storey and 1-storey “residential premises”, two rooms in an inn with a canopy and storage room in the “attic”; the total cubic capacity was 614 square fathoms, the capitalized cost was 22063 rubles 68 kopecks, and the total return on property was 4487 rubles 07 kopecks ^[50] . According to the permission of June 18, 1913, the society of peasants of the Priimkovsky volost added in 1914 a third floor above a stone 2-storey house with a mezzanine ^[51] . In 1914, the courtyard was also used as a Bristol hotel, as well as an inn ^[52] .

After the October Revolution of 1917, many houses in Rostov were subject to municipalization, since, according to the new authorities, prosperous homeowners who enriched themselves through the use of hired labor also lived in them. The Kurakovsky farmstead belonged to the peasants of the Priimkovsky volost, who also had income from it. On the basis of the orders of the Main Directorate of Communal Services of the NKVD of the RSFSR contained in relation No. 13564/3 of December 1, 1923, it was municipalized and transferred under the House of the Peasant, which was opened on November 7, 1923 at an organizational meeting of representatives of the Rostov district executive committee of the Soviets of Workers and Peasants and Red Army deputies, the Yaroslavl provincial House of the Peasant and agricultural cooperation ^[53] . At that time, one of the former trading premises of the courtyard was occupied by the Administration of the Rostov City and County Police with rooms for the arrested ^[54] . In 1925, the Peasant House was listed in Rostov under No. 69 on Karl Marx Street and was housed in a 3-story stone building with outbuildings ^[55] . In the years 1927-1929 in the Rostov District House of the Peasant there were 1st and 2nd inns for 200 carts, a tea-dining room, a buffet, a kitchen, a hostel and rooms (36 beds - 20 kopecks, 11 - 50 kopecks, 10 - 1 ruble and 5 rooms - from 2 to 3 rubles), a hairdresser, a lawyer’s room, a library, a reading room, an agricultural museum, a lecture hall, a worker’s and a peasant’s corner, Lenin’s corner, and the staff consisted of 42 people ^[56] . In 1940, the premises of the Peasant House were occupied by the city House of Culture. This did not suit the head of the Rostov regional department of public education (hereinafter - RayONO) S.M. Sidelnikov, with whose participation an “explanatory note” was prepared for the plan for the capital construction and repair of premises in the House of Culture, also located on Karl Marx Street, almost opposite the Peasant House ^[57] . It was supposed to remodel the floors, make an entrance along the facade of the building and perform “minimal equipment” in it. In a stone-built 2-storey building, rebuilt in 1963, today Karl Marx Street, house 15-a, there was a confectionery shop and a restaurant shop at the Rostov-Yaroslavsky and Teremok stations ^[58] , a Culinary store with a “preparatory workshop” The Rostov Trust of Canteens, and then the Slastena Confectionery. Subsequently, correspondence was sent and received by the residents of Strel through a post office in the village of Belogostitsy.

In 1899, the Rostov district zemstvo government opened the Strelskoye Zemstvo 1-class school ^[59] . On the basis of the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Unified Labor School of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Regulation)" of October 16, 1918 ^[60] . it was transformed into the Strelsky school of the 1st step. Initially, the educational institution was located in an adapted house, and then a 1-story wooden building was built for it. On its facade there were five windows facing north, on the left and right sides four of them - east and west, respectively, and from the courtyard two windows - to the south. It was possible to enter the school through the front porch on the east side of the house. On the opposite side there was another porch. This entrance was used as a spare and in case of fire. The school had one classroom, a corridor, a room-apartment for the "student" and a kitchen. They were heated by three furnaces. The size of the building on the facade was about 28 meters, and on the sides - 33.5 meters. Teachers at the Strelka school in the first half of the 1920s were Antonina Mikhailovna Pokrovskaya, she graduated from the 8th grade of the Rostov girls’s Mariinsky gymnasium, and Vera Nikolaevna Khlonina graduated from the Rostov Pedagogical College (in 1923), and the watchman from 1918 was Klavdiya Illarionovna Lapshina ^[61] . The school premises were small, so the need to build a new building was discussed at the local level. February 15, 1930 at a meeting of the presidium of the Belogostitsky village council (included: the villages of Belogostitsa, Nikolskoye-on-Perevoz, the villages of Melenki, Nazherovka, Strely and the Rostovtsevo farm, the former Sedmov’s dacha) on the agenda was the question “On the construction of the Strelka school”, but then it was not possible to build it. At meetings of the presidium of the village council on June 28 and July 17, 1933, decisions were made obliging members of the collective farm "Red Gardener" and the shooting "single-handed" to begin repairing the school building and use building material for the houses of peasant kulaks Kopnin and Tsaplin for this ^[62] . In 1934, the school occupied a wooden 2-storey house in the “Golitsyn end” on a “dark” Posad ^[63] . This became possible after the superstructure on the school building of the 2nd floor. From the act of inspection of the Strelka school by the inspector RayONO on January 20, 1938, you can find out that it was located in a building that was originally built for kindergarten, but for lack of other “premises, the school was moved into it” ^[64] . For building a 2nd floor building material could be used from the house of the shooting gun Alexander Yakovlevich Kuzin, which was confiscated from him for non-payment of the state tax arrears, and then, according to the act of March 31, 1933, was sold by the Rostov district financial department to the Red Gardener collective farm for 4230 rubles ^[65] . There were three classrooms - one located on the 1st floor and two - on the 2nd. One of the classes was so cramped that it even had nowhere to put a teacher's desk. In the second half of the 1950s, the 1st floor was occupied by the apartment of the teacher Antonina Alexandrovna Smirnova, and on the 2nd floor in the small room with windows to the west lived the second teacher Klavdia Aleksandrovna Savenkova. Below, under her windows was a porch through which a wooden staircase climbed to the 2nd floor. Here, lessons with students were held in 2 classrooms. In one of them, children of two classes studied simultaneously - the 1st and 3rd, and in the other - of the 2nd and 4th.

In 1960, the leadership of RayONO decided to start the construction of a new school building in the Strely village by the "forces" of the Kirov collective farm ^[66] in a specially allocated area from the southern outskirts of Seredina near the town of Progon. The construction of the school was not as fast as we would like. During the consideration of this issue on June 24, 1960 at the next session of the Sulostsky Village Council of Workers' Deputies (protocol No. 5), it was noted that by the academic year 1960–1961 the building would not be built for it ^[67] . It was possible to carry out the plan only after a year. The documents prepared for the meeting of the Sulost Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies on August 19, 1961 contain information about the acceptance of the building for the elementary school in the village of Strely, in connection with which the head Antonina Aleksandrovna Smirnova was invited to "take the necessary measures to complete the finishing work so that the school could begin work on September 1st ” ^[68] . On this day, classes with students began in the classes of the new school, and for improvement of the adjacent territory the Rostov district executive committee on November 2, 1961, by decision No. 424 allocated 900 rubles from the district budget ^[69] . After completing primary school, adolescents could continue their studies at the Zulosty seven-year, and then eight-year school. It was located in a 2-story building built by the Rostov Zemstvo in 1914 for the Sulostsky Zemsky 1-class school ^[70] . Due to the small number of students, Strelskaya elementary school was closed on June 4, 1973 ^[71] .

On December 8, 1909, a small library for schoolchildren was opened at the Strelsky Zemsky School, and the “book fund” came to it from the Makarov Library ^[72] . A library for adults with two full-time employees opened at the school on March 20, 1921 ^[73] . At different times, it was housed in adapted rooms - peasant houses, a village club, and from 1967 to 1977 - in the house of Lyudmila Nikitichna Panchyokhina, who acted as a librarian on a voluntary basis.

Until 1923, Strela was part of the Priimkovsky volost of the Rostov district of the Yaroslavl province. Such administrative division was inconvenient for peasants. During spring, and sometimes autumn floods, it was difficult to get to the volost government in the village of Makarovo (Semibratovo) located on the left bank of the Kotorosl River. In this regard, on November 23, 1917, the peasants of the Strelsky rural society appealed to the Rostov district zemstvo council with a request to transfer the village to the Sulost volost, but then the issue was not resolved. Only on the basis of the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on November 14, 1923 on the new territorial division of the Rostov district, the village of Strely was assigned to the newly formed Priozerny volost with its center in Rostov, which also included Sulostskaya ^{[74] [75] [76]} . Based on the decisions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 14 and June 10, 1929, the Arrows became part of the Rostov region of the Ivanovo industrial region, and from March 11, 1936 - the Yaroslavl region ^{[77] [78]} , where they are still located.

Five kilometers west of Strel in the former Belogostitsky monastery on October 17, 1928, the Rostov correctional house (prison) was opened, which was used for its intended purpose until the mid-1950s ^[79] . Therefore, not only the Streltsy residents, but also other villages adjacent to the former monastery had a real opportunity to see the prison and "get" there. Finding her nearby was a direct wit of peasants. Located on the banks of the Veksa River, near the cobblestone road Rostov-Suzdal, it rose a little on the ground and menacingly "looked" at the world around it with its small windows with metal bars. This was especially striking to the local population during the spring flood, when, surrounded by water, like almost on an island, the prison looked like If castle with all its appearance. In her cells, people were detained mainly for minor offenses - petty theft, brawl, and moonshining. The overwhelming majority were peasants, whose number in 1928 amounted to 63 percent of the total number of all prisoners, workers - 25, and employees - 9 percent ^[79] . After the closure of this "correctional" institution, on the basis of a decision of the Yaroslavl Regional Council of Workers' Deputies dated February 4, 1955, for building No. 64-p, buildings and equipment of prison No. 3 (according to other information No. 4) in Begogostitsy village were sold under the act of February 7, 1955 the Kirov collective farm of the Novo-Nikolsky village council of workers' deputies ^[80] .

In the late 1920s - early 1930s, various measures of influence were applied to the strongest farms of the archery peasants: “individual taxation” (“hard task” - tax), “cleaning” (expulsion) from the collective farm, reduction of rights (deprivation the right to elect and be elected), confiscation of property, forced eviction to the North and Siberia. To one degree or another, the repressions affected the heads of farms: Ivan Mikhailovich and Pavel Alekseevich Vagins, Alexander Nikolaevich, Anna Pavlovna, Anna Petrovna, Nikolai Mikhailovich and Nikolai Nikolaevich Goryunov, Alexander Ivanovich, Nikolai Grigoryevich and Pavel Ivanovich Kopnins, Ekaterina Petrovna and Ivan Yakovlev , Vladimir Grigorievich and Ekaterina Petrovna Lapshin, Rakhili Viktorovna Pavlova, Ivan Fedorovich and Konstantin Fedorovich Panchekhin, Ivan Fedorovich, Nikolai Ivanovich and Pavel Petrovich Parshi Ikov, Nikolai Petrovich Silin, Alexander, Alexei Ivanovich, Akhmatova, Elizabeth Andreyevna, Ivan, Nikolai, Nikolai Mikhailovich, and Nikolai Petrovich Tyurin, Alexander Nikolayevich, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, Natalia Andreyevna, Nikolai Alexandrovich and Taisia Andreevny Tsaplin ^{[81], [ 82] [83]} . On the basis of the circular of the Ivanovo Regional Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies of September 17, 1931, not only houses, but also “cyclists”, “dryers”, “graters”, sheds, barns, and other households could be nationalized with them buildings, as well as livestock, household items, agricultural implements ^[84] . In Strela, repressive measures were mainly applied to peasants because of the “cyclists”, “dryers” and “graters” (in the last two, potatoes were dried and processed for starch), because of which the peasants were given a high “hard task” - a single agricultural cultural, military taxes, but they could not pay them. To raise profits, the owners of such "establishments" could also buy crops not only in their village, but also outside it. Therefore, to dry a large number of products resorted to the help of fellow villagers. According to the new authorities, this was considered exploitation, i.e. using wage labor of other people. After the removal of the cycle, dryers and graters, there was nowhere to dry the “crop”. This affected not only the dispossessed people, but also other peasants, who, by agreement with the owners, dried there the “golden root” and potatoes grown there. Since cyclic was the main link in the technological process of preparing for sale of the grown chicory, having lost it, the Streltsy peasants were forced to switch to another main agricultural crop - onions.

According to the decisions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (hereinafter - the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) “On the Results and Further Tasks of Collective Farm Construction” dated November 14, 1929 ^[85] and “On the Rate of Collectivization and Measures to Help the State Collective Farm Construction” of 5 January 8, 1930 ^[86] in the village of Strely of the Belogostitsky village council of the Rostov district of the Ivanovo industrial region On March 8, 1931, the collective farm (agricultural cooperative (collective farm)) Red Gardener was established (the first chairman was the shooting the first peasant Pavel Petrovich Parshivikov, and after “cleaning” him from the collective farm in 1932 as a fist, Mikhail Vasilievich Myalkin was elected the new chairman ^[87] ), on March 20, 1930 there was also the Tsikornik collective farm in Strely, which was soon dissolved On June 21, 1950, at a general meeting of collective farm members (protocol No. 1) consisting of five collective farms (named after Kirov, named after Pushkin, named after Budyonny, "Red Gardener", "Victory"), the village entered the collective farm named after Kirov ^{[88] [89]} , and on the basis of the decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of April 18, 1964 No. 481 "On the organization of of Farms in the Rostov Production Administration ”and decisions No. 188 of the Rostov District Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies dated April 25 - May 5, 1964 (protocol No. 8) - to the State Farm (Soviet economy)" Vegetable breeder " ^[90] . On December 22, 1935, the Chairman of the Red Gardener collective farm was issued with the Rostov District Executive Committee of Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies the State Act on the Eternal Use of Land No. 096598, according to which collective farmers from the village of Strely were transferred for unlimited use land with an area of ​​966.54 hectares ^[91] . The main agricultural crops on these farms were onions “Rostov” (“chernushka”, “senchik”, “samples”, “marketable”) and chicory. In addition, potatoes, beets, carrots, cabbage, cucumbers, cereals - rye, wheat, barley, oats and rarely corn were grown. The cattle were kept in a stable, a dairy farm, calf houses, a pigsty. From the beginning of the 1930s, they were located on the Kotorosl River, on the north side of the village, and since 1957, on the south, on the right bank of the Protok stream. In winter, hay for livestock farmers harvested in the flood meadows of Kotorosli. In the 1930s - 1950s, there was an apiary on the farms.

One of the collective farm chairmen was the archery resident Ivan Fedoseev, known for his organizational ability and enterprise for collective farming not only in the Rostov region, but also beyond its borders ^{[92] [93]} . Labor activity I.A. Fedoseyev as a manager appeared in 1933, when he worked as the director of the Belogostitsky cycle dryer in the Rostov factory-trust of the State All-Russian Trust for the coffee-and-coffee, tea-surrogate and dietary products of the industry (Roskofeprodukt) ^[94] .

The parish stone five-domed church in connection with the bell tower in the name of the Holy Martyr Andrei Stratilat was in the village of Sulost, in the Sula river, southwest of Strel. The Rostov-Suzdal tract passed through the village. There are three thrones in the church. The first is in the summer temple. In winter two, one throne in the name of St. Basil the Great, and the other in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Nikita. The last church holiday falls on September 15th. It was always celebrated in Arrows until the mid-1970s. When possible, a procession in the village took place on the first Sunday after Peter's Day. In addition to this church, the shooting peasants sometimes went to the church of St. John the Baptist in the village of Makarovo (closed on April 13, 1934 ^[95] ), in the name of the holy prophet of God Elijah in the village of Vasilkovo (closed on October 3, 1937 ^[96] ), in the name of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the village of Priimkovo (July 9 and 10, 1937, the Yaroslavl Regional Commission of the Yaroslavl Regional Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies for Religious Affairs sent a decision to the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on termination of agreements with church communities of the region, including in the village of Primimovo Gavrilov-Yams th district, but there 8 August 1937 materials returned because of "sloppy" compilation ^[97] ), the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the village of Nikolskoye-na-Perevoz (the church was closed after the failure of the priest in "early January" 1931 to correct the position of “priest in the St. Nicholas-Perevozsky community of believers” ^[98] ) and in the name of St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker in the village of Novo-Nikolsky. After the closure of the church in the village of Sulost, on the basis of a decision of the Rostov District Council of Workers' Deputies dated July 5, 1941 ^[99] , the Nikolskaya Church in the village of Novo-Nikolskoye became the parish church for the peasants of the village of Strely.

Compared to others, she was the youngest. The temple was built at the expense of the peasant Kharlampiy Ivanovich Barablin and his sons with the participation of peasants from the village of Nikolskoye and the village of Kurbaki, and was consecrated on March 8, 1909 ^[100] . In connection with the opening of a parish church in the village, the status of the village has changed. Since that time, the village of Nikolskoye was transformed into the village of Novo-Nikolskoye. From the church closed in 1941 in the village of Nikolskoye-on-Perevoz, according to the act of June 16, 1948, the icon of the Kazan Mother of God was transferred to the church of the village of Novo-Nikolsky, and according to the act of October 8, 1956, several more church items ^[101] . The service in the St. Nicholas Church, opened at the beginning of the 20th century, almost did not stop even in Soviet times, while others in the district were closed. According to the memoirs of the nun Seraphim (Zummer) in the late 1950s and early 1960s, in this temple, under the pretext of an epidemic of foot and mouth disease, the Word of God was not spoken for some time ^{[102] [103]} .

Despite the conduct of anti-religious propaganda among the population of the Novo-Nikolsky village Council of Workers' Deputies and the Rostov region as a whole, in accordance with closed resolution No. 263 of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (hereinafter referred to as the Council of Ministers of the USSR) “On strengthening control over the implementation of legislation on cults”, as well as approved by the decisions of the Council for Religious Cults under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Council for Russian Orthodox Church under the Council of Ministers of the USSR "Instructions for the application of legislation on cults" of 16 ma the mouth of 1961 ^{[104] [105]} , many people, including archers, did not stop going to church. In a certificate prepared by the Rostov District Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies on February 9, 1962, to the representative of the Council for Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Yaroslavl Region, F. A. Yarovoy, information is contained that in 1960, 936 children were born in villages of the Rostov Region, 673 of them were baptized, registered 780 marriages, of which 9 couples were married ^[106] .

In connection with the closure of the church in the village of Sulost, the necropolis near it was liquidated, a pond was dug there and a rural culture house and a store were built. Since that time, the shooting range was arranged in the new town of Ogorbysh, which is south of the outskirts of Kunilovka.

Nobody looked after the closed church in the name of the holy martyr Andrei Stratilat, he was in desolation, which had fallen year after year. On February 16, 1967, the Rostov District Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies, by Decision No. 64, approved the valuation-sale certificate for a stone prayer building in the village of Sulost and allowed the Rostov District Consumer Union to use it as a warehouse “without any external reconstruction” ^[107] . St. Andrew's Church could have been lost forever, but in the early 1990s it was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church and church services resumed there, and the building, as an architectural monument, was restored by the efforts of the father of Archimandrite Sylvester with the participation of benevolent givers.

During the Great Patriotic War, 60 peasants from the village of Strely died during the defense of their homeland ^{[108] [109] [110] [111]} .

In 1954, a small ditch was deepened to drain the First and Second Red Meadows through Strela and to the Kotorosl River ^[112] . During meltwater during the spring flood, it blurred to a stream, which in colloquial speech was called the “Channel” or “The Channel”.

In 1955, in the "Middle" of the village on a "bright" Posad, instead of a 1-storey wooden building of a kindergarten, a new 2-storey building (brick bottom and wooden top) was built. Among the villagers it was called the "site". From the facade of the building with windows to the south, near the southeast corner there was an entrance door, behind it a wooden staircase led to the 2nd floor. There were children from the nursery group. Entrance from the east led to the 1st floor. Here were the senior groups and the kitchen, where Galina Ivanovna Stepanova worked as a cook. On the west side of the “platform”, near the northwest corner, there was another entrance. Through it, through a steep wooden staircase, it was possible to climb into the room of the collective farm’s office and into another, neighboring, adapted for the feldsher-midwife station. Both windows of these rooms were facing west.

In August 1960, a building for a “mixed” type rural store (selmag) of the Sulost rural consumer society was built near a primary school in white brick ^[113] . Previously, it was located underground (undergrowth) of the house of Pavel Alekseevich Vagin, who was in the “Golitsyn end” of the village on the “light” Posad.

Streltsy Rural Club is a large wooden barn, divided by a major log wall into two parts. In one, village youth had fun, and in the other there was a horse and fire equipment - horse riding, a wooden water barrel, hooks, axes, hoses, sleeves, a hand pump (rocking chair), and then a centrifugal “motor pump”. The building was specially built by the Strelsky rural community of peasants for a fire station at the beginning of the 20th century, and on August 22, 1923, it was municipalized by the new authorities ^[114] . At first, the office of the collective farm "Red gardener", and then them. Kirova was housed in the clubhouse and occupied two small rooms with windows to the east. Until now, the door to the room where the horse was standing has been preserved. From the inscriptions on it you can find the nicknames of some animals since 1916. Fires in the village are a great disaster. They were always afraid. It is no accident that small metal plates (usually rectangular, less often in the form of a rhombus) with images of a bucket, a hook, an ax, a ladder, a rope were nailed on the facades of many houses in Strela. This meant that during the fire from the house you need to take the item shown in the figure. Some houses had factory-made records showing the insurance company in the event of a fire.

In a period free from field work, young people arranged gatherings with dances and games. Especially great festivities were during church holidays - Christmas, Epiphany, Holy Easter, Holy Trinity, Nikitin day. All the inhabitants of the village, young and old, took part in them, including the communists. For Shrovetide, teenagers for three days collected from Strel residents wrecked baskets, old furniture, firewood, rubber and other “combustible” materials. Younger children, two or three people came up to each house, pounded a platband with a small stick and sang this carol: “Go to the high house, to the front porch, give firewood to Shrovetide. Give, without sinning, the basket from the heart! ”There were no refusals. They tried not to violate the tradition prevailing in the village. Therefore, if it was not possible to give a basket, they carried several logs of firewood. Older children drove large wooden sledges along the road between two posadas of houses. They collected what was received from the rifle peasants. Then the sled was taken out of the village to the right bank of Kotorosli and everything was piled up there. On Sunday late evening before the beginning of Lent, many village peasants gathered near her, who came with their whole families. It seemed that in the dark, the heap somewhat increased in size. The baskets strung on long poles looked from the side with the long necks of the fabulous Serpent Gorynych. The teenagers who ran near them with makeshift torches were slow to light. Everyone wanted to see how at first the red lights of large fires flare up in Nikolsky-on-Perevoz, Kurbaki, Priimkov, and only then raise the "fiery monster" into the sky at home. After that, large flames and thick smoke rushed up here. At this time, each of the adolescents tried to smear his palm with soot and draw a comrade across her face. At home it was difficult to wash soot not only with “household” soap, but even with soda. The next morning, at school, many of the children showed signs of an evening party on the last day of Maslenaya Week on the face, neck, ears and hands. Nikitin day was celebrated only in Strela, then young people from other villages came here. When the God-Loving was celebrated in the neighboring village of Vasilkovo, young people gathered from all over the district there. So it was in other nearby villages.

Guided by instructions “from above”, local authorities tried to distract the villagers from the Church, as well as from participating in religious holidays by giving lectures on “scientific-atheistic” topics. In 1960, there were only 7 active churches in the Rostov region, with the purpose of anti-religious work, 192 lectures were given among residents, and in 1961 already 309 lectures ^[115] . Despite this, many collective farmers continued to go to the temple and celebrate church holidays. From the prepared certificate on the state of anti-religious work in the Novo-Nikolsky village Council of Workers 'Deputies to the decision of the Rostov District Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies No. 372 "On Compliance with the Laws on Worships and Conducting a One-Time Registration of Religious Associations" dated September 20, 1961, you can find out what 1960, in the St. Nicholas Church, 7945 people were at work; 10 religious holidays were celebrated in the parish villages (most of them were in spring and summer during the most “busy” time of the agricultural year), the celebration of the Holy Trinity on May 22 cost the collective farm “Way to Communism” in the village of Novo-Nikolsky 155 working days; from May 20 to May 25, 1960, for 6 production teams where the Trinity was celebrated, there was almost no percent increase in spring field work ^[116] . The latter circumstance indicates that people were not limited to one day, and despite the prohibitions, they celebrated one of the twelve holy days of the church.

This was left with its imprint and hard work of the peasants on the collective farm, state farm and personal farmstead. Therefore, it was not surprising that people simply wanted to forget for several days the nightmare in which they were destined to live. Exhausting physical work and low wages forced some, often young people, to look for ways out. However, the lack of a passport reduced the desire to leave the village to almost zero. Only study, military service, recruitment could somehow help. After the ban on the issuance of passports was lifted, enslaved workers of the village enslaved by the Soviet system became fleeing from the village.

Konstantin Anatolyevich Stepanov (born 1958) - candidate of historical sciences, historian, local historian.

Stepanov Nikolai Dmitrievich (born 1968) - served as director of the department of urban economy of the city hall of Yaroslavl.

Tyurina Nadezhda Nikolaevna (born 1958) - entrepreneur, organizer of the Rostov Compound Museum, was elected as a deputy of the Municipal Council of the city settlement of Rostov.

Fedoseev Ivan Alexandrovich (born 1902) - chairman of the collective farm.

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  The village of Strela and its environs, from the Atlas of the Yaroslavl Province (map of A. I. Mende), 1858

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  View of the "dark" Posad ("Middle") and the road from the west

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  View of the "dark" Posad (Kunilovka) and the pond from the east

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  House on the "bright" Posad

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  House on the "dark" Posad

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  Strelskaya elementary school. 1966, view from the southwest side