Unemployment benefit is a regular state social cash payment to persons who are recognized as unemployed by law, in accordance with the established procedure. The decision on the payment of unemployment benefits must be made simultaneously with the decision to recognize the citizen as unemployed. [1] [2]
Content
Features of regulation in different countries
Russia
Benefit Size
In Russia, the payment of unemployment benefits is regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Employment in the Russian Federation” [3] . According to this law, the amount of the benefit is established by the Government of the Russian Federation. The Government of the Russian Federation in Decree of 17 December 2014 No. 1382 “On the amount of the minimum and maximum values of unemployment benefits for 2014” [4] established:
- the minimum amount of unemployment benefits in the amount of 850 rubles;
- the maximum amount of unemployment benefits in the amount of 4900 rubles.
For 2017, the benefit remained at the 2014 level.
The purpose of the amount of unemployment benefits is not MP 2.3.1.-2432-08 “Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for different groups of the population of the Russian Federation. Methodical recommendations ”(approved by the CPS) on December 12, 2008, and assistance in finding a suitable lawyer to provide legal assistance, including subsidized .
The government left the size of the allowance for 2018 at the level of 2014 [5] : the size of the minimum unemployment allowance will also be 850 rubles, the maximum allowance will be assigned in the amount of 4,900 rubles.
In 2019, Government Resolution No. 1375 of November 15, 2018 will establish the following minimum and maximum values for unemployment benefits:
- for citizens recognized in the prescribed manner as unemployed - in the amount of 1,500 and 8,000 rubles, respectively;
- for citizens of pre-retirement age, recognized in the prescribed manner as unemployed - in the amount of 1500 and 11 280 rubles, respectively [6] . In some regions, the amount of unemployment benefits increased. [7]
To whom is paid
Citizens dismissed on any grounds during the 12 months preceding the onset of unemployment, who had paid work for at least 26 weeks during this period on full-time (full-time) or part-time (part-time) basis with recalculation to 26 weeks with a full-time (full-time week), and recognized in the prescribed manner of the unemployed.
Payment Terms and Conditions
Unemployment benefit is assigned and paid to citizens from the day they are recognized as unemployed. Citizens dismissed from organizations in connection with their liquidation, downsizing or staff and recognized in the prescribed manner as unemployed but not employed during the period during which the average salary (after deduction of severance pay), benefits for unemployment is calculated from the first day after the specified period.
Each period of payment of unemployment benefits may not exceed 12 months in total terms within 18 months, except as required by law. Citizens who have not reached the age of 60 for men and 55 for women and have an insurance record of at least 25 and 20 years for men and women, respectively, as well as the required length of service on the relevant types of work, giving them the right to early retirement pension provided for in Articles 27 and 28 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”, the period for the payment of unemployment benefits increases over the established 12 months by two calendar weeks for each year of work, before yshayuschy insurance period of said duration. In this case, the insurance period includes periods of work and other activities, and other periods set forth in Articles 10 and 11 of this Federal Law are counted. The total period for the payment of unemployment benefits may not exceed 24 calendar months in total terms for 36 calendar months.
Unemployment benefit for citizens who are dismissed from organizations on any grounds, including those dismissed on their own will, is paid in the following cases:
- moving to a new place of residence in another locality;
- diseases that prevent the continuation of work or living in the area;
- the need to care for disabled people of group I or sick family members:
- breach by the employer of a collective or employment contract ;
- the occurrence of extraordinary circumstances that impede the continuation of labor relations (military actions, catastrophes, natural disasters, accidents, epidemics and other extraordinary circumstances);
- the dismissal of women with children under the age of 14 years.
These reasons for dismissal of their own free will are confirmed by records in the workbook.
During the 12 months preceding the onset of unemployment, who had paid work for at least 26 calendar weeks during this period on a full-time (full-time) or part-time (part-time) basis with a recalculation of 26 full-time day (full working week), and recognized in the prescribed manner of the unemployed), is charged:
- in the first (12-month) period of payment in the first three months - in the amount of 75% of their average monthly earnings (money allowance), calculated for the last three months at the last place of work (service); in the next four months - in the amount of 60%; in the future - in the amount of 45%. But in all cases - no higher than the maximum value of unemployment benefits and no less than the minimum amount of unemployment benefits, increased by the size of the district coefficient;
- in the second (12-month) period of payment in the amount of the minimum amount of unemployment benefits, increased by the size of the district coefficient.
The size of the minimum and maximum values of unemployment benefits is determined annually by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Unemployment benefit in all other cases to citizens who are recognized as unemployed in the established manner, including:
- for the first time looking for work (previously not working);
- seeking to resume work after a long (more than one year) break;
- dismissed for violation of labor discipline and other guilty actions provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
- dismissed from organizations during the 12 months preceding the onset of unemployment and who had paid work for this period of less than 26 calendar weeks.
Directed by the employment service for training and deducted for the perpetrators of actions is charged:
- in the first (6-month) period of payment in the amount of the minimum amount of unemployment benefits, increased by the size of the district coefficient;
- in the second (6-month) period of payment in the amount of the minimum amount of unemployment benefits, increased by the size of the district coefficient.
Unemployment benefit in accordance with article 217 of the Tax Code is not taxable.
Germany
In Germany, the Arbeitslosengeld-1 (ALG-1) unemployment benefit is [ when? ] approximately 60% (for familyless) or 67% (for having) the last earnings and paid from 6 to 24 months. There are no special restrictions imposed by any authority on the minimum or maximum amount of benefit.
Individuals who have worked for at least 12 months (with social contributions) and completed the Frühzeitige Arbeitsuchendmeldung conditions are eligible for ALG1: for example, for fixed-term employment contracts, they must personally inform Agentur für Arbeit 3 months before the end of the contract .
To guarantee a living wage, there is another type of benefit - “ALG-2”, introduced by the Hartz IV reform. Unlike ALG1, it is financed not from insurance payments of workers, but from taxes and is paid without time limit. Self-employed persons, ALG-1 beneficiaries and those who work are eligible for benefits if their income is less than the subsistence minimum. The amount of the allowance is calculated on the basis of many factors: the number of people living in Bedarfgemeinschaft (community needs), their age, health condition (including pregnancy), the size of the rent and utilities. In addition, contributions to the health fund are paid. The recipient has the right to one-time payments: payment of travel expenses for interviews, costs associated with the distribution of resumes, payment of relocation associated with getting a job, payment of dual farming, etc.
One of the main concepts of the Hartz IV reform was the system of fines: for any violation of duties described in the EGV, the recipient may be deprived of an allowance of 10% - 100% for a period of 3 months.
Notes
- ↑ Switzerland - Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion - European Commission . ec.europa.eu. The appeal date is March 29, 2019.
- ↑ Penketh, Anne . If you are unemployed or disabled? (eng.) , The Guardian (April 15, 2015). The appeal date is March 29, 2019.
- ↑ Law of April 19, 1991, No. 1032-1 On Employment in the Russian Federation | Benefits in the laws | Laws | Extensions | Benefits | ALLOWANCES . The appeal date was March 6, 2013. Archived March 9, 2013.
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 8, 2008 No. 915 “On the size of the minimum and maximum values of unemployment benefits for 2009”
- ↑ Government Decree of November 24, 2017 No. 1423 "On the size of the minimum and maximum values of unemployment benefits for 2018" . Official Internet portal of legal information (November 28, 2017).
- ↑ On the size of the minimum and maximum values of unemployment benefits for 2019 . government.ru. The appeal date is December 7, 2018.
- ↑ From January 1, 2019 will the unemployment benefit be changed (Rus) (Neopr.) ? . 10 CHANNEL. The appeal date is March 29, 2019.