Callose is a plant polysaccharide that consists of glucose residues connected via β-1,3 bonds and belongs to β-glycans. Callose is produced in the cell wall using callose synthase and is degraded by β-1,3-glucanases. It lines plasmodesma, cell plates during cytokinesis and during the development of pollen . It is also produced in response to injury, infection with pathogens, [1] aluminum and abscisic acid . Callose deposits are found on the phloem sieve plates at the end of the growing season. [2] Its quantity increases, sieve tubes become clogged and cease to function. Callose also forms around developing meiocytes and tetrads of sexual reproduction of angiosperms , but it is not found in associated apomictic taxa . [3] Callous deposition in the cell wall was proposed as an early marker for direct somatic embryogenesis of cortical and epidermal cells of Cichorium hybrids. [four]
See also
- Kurdlan
Links
- ↑ Nowicki, Marcin (May 15, 2013), A simple dual stain for detailed investigations of plant-fungal pathogen interactions , Vegetable Crops Research bulleting, InHort & Versita, doi : 10.2478 / v10032-012-0016-z , < http: // www.degruyter.com/view/j/vcrb.2012.77.issue--1/v10032-012-0016-z/v10032-012-0016-z.xml?format=INT > . Retrieved August 5, 2013.
- ↑ Bell, Peter and Hemsley, Alan (2000) Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity (2nd ed.) ISBN 0-521-64109-8
- ↑ Carman JG, Crane CF, Riera-Lizarazu O. 1991. Comparative Histology of Cell Walls during Meiotic and Apomeiotic Megasporogenesis in Two Hexaploid Australasian Elymus Species. Crop Science 31: 1527-1532
- ↑ Dubois et al. (1990) Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Roots of Cichorium : Is Callose and Early Marker? Annals of Botany 65: 539-545