Shakhparonov, Mikhail Ivanovich

Born February 15, 1918 in the Kursk region in the village of Scherbachevka, Lgovsky district . In 1931 he graduated from the seven-year school of the city of Lgov. In 1932 he entered the Moscow Polytechnic named after V.I. Lenin. In 1933, as a nominee student ^[1], he entered the Agricultural Chemistry Department of TSAA , which he graduated with honors in 1939, and was left in graduate school in the department of inorganic chemistry, headed by I. A. Kablukov ^[2] .

World War II

July 5, 1941 he was called up to the front by the October RVC of the city of Moscow, from July 19, 1941 he fought on the Western Front ^[3] . He was appointed commander of a tank platoon, in which he took part in the battles near the city of Yelnya . Since February 10, 1942 on the Volokhov Front. Since 1943, a candidate member of the CPSU (b), since January 1944 a member of the CPSU (b). February 16, 1944 fought on the Leningrad Front ^[3] , November 29, 1943 at the village. Lyubtsy of the Novgorod district of the Leningrad region, the commander of the 398 separate chemical protection company of the 310th rifle division, senior lieutenant M. I. Shakhparonov personally participated in the capture of the control prisoner ("language"). He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree ^[4] . He fought on April 20, 1944 on the Karelian , on June 4, 1944 on the 3rd Baltic , on February 24, 1945 on the 2nd Belorussian fronts. On May 2 and 3, 1945, the assistant to the chief of the chemical service of the 310th Rifle Novgorod Red Banner Division, Captain Shakhparonov, was responsible for the transport of smoke and the organization of doom-start when crossing the Divenov Strait. Secondarily presented to the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, awarded the Order of the Red Star ^[3] .

He was awarded the Second Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree in 1985 in connection with the 40th anniversary of the victory ^[2] .

Work at the Physics Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University

In the autumn of 1945 he worked as an assistant in the laboratory of solution physics at the physics department of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov , and after defending his Ph.D. thesis, as a senior researcher in the same place. In 1946 he received the title - Candidate of Chemical Sciences, in 1951 he was approved in the rank of specialty solution physics of the Higher Attestation Commission of the USSR ^[2] .

Activities in the field of Marxist-Leninist philosophy of science

In 1949, together with V. M. Tatevsky, on the pages of the journal Voprosy Filosofii (No. 3. P. 176-192), he published an article "On a Machist theory in chemistry and its propagandists", directed against the theory of resonance . In addition to the resonance theory, the article was sharply criticized by the book of Soviet chemists Y. K. Syrkin and M. E. Dyatkina, “Chemical bond and molecular structure,” as “imbued with the ideology of Machism and cosmopolitanism.” Ya. K. Syrkin and M. Ye. Dyatkin were accused of quoting the works of the “defector” Chichibabin and the “white guard Kistyakovsky , who is in the service of the American monopolies” ^[5] . This article opened the so-called "anti-resonance campaign" in chemistry. Its culmination was the All-Union Conference on the Theory of Structure in Organic Chemistry, held in Moscow from June 11 to June 14, 1951. On it, M. I. Shakhparonov not only criticized the theory of resonance, but, according to N. M. Sergeyev, allowed insulting attacks on her supporters ^[6] , hung on his colleagues the labels “Ingoldist-Paulingist,” “Machist,” etc. But, at the same time, M. I. Shakhparonov found it necessary to curb the writer V. E. Lvov , saying that there were no criminals at the meeting, but there were Soviet chemists who were mistaken ^[7] .

In 1950, he participated in a criticism campaign of the book of I. V. Kuznetsov, “The Principle of Correspondence,” which, in the opinion of M. I. Shakhparonov, “contradicts the Marxist doctrine of development,” and the author “not only completely preserved the idealistic features inherent in the Bohr principle of conformity” and Heisenberg , but also added a number of new features. " “When reading a book,” concludes MI Shakhparonov, “the false impression is created that the development of modern physics is connected only with the works of Bohr , Heisenberg , Schrödinger , Einstein and other idealistic physicists abroad” ^[8] .

In 1951-1961, he worked concurrently as the head of the Department of Philosophy of Natural Sciences of the journal " Questions of Philosophy ", a senior researcher in the Department of Philosophy of Natural Sciences of the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences , professor of the Department of Dialectic and Historical Materialism of the Institute for Advanced Studies of Teachers of Social Sciences at Moscow State University. In 1959 he was awarded the title of professor in the department of dialectical and historical materialism ^[2] .

In 1954, the Nobel Committee awarded Linus Pauling (or Pauling, as he was called during the anti-resonance campaign in the USSR) a prize in chemistry "for the study of the nature of chemical bonds and its application to explain the structure of complex molecules." In 1959, Mir publishing house, edited by a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and in the past an active participant in the anti-resonance campaign, O. A. Reutov , published a translation of the book "Prospects for the Development of Organic Chemistry", starting with L. Pauling's article "Nature theory of resonance " ^[5] .

MI Shakhparonov continued to smash the theory of resonance until 1962 in his three books: Essays on the Philosophical Problems of Chemistry (1957). "Dialectical materialism and some problems of physics and chemistry" (1958), "Chemistry and Philosophy" (1962) ^[5] .

Work at the Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University

In 1952 he defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Chemical Sciences "Some issues of the physical theory of solutions" ^[9] . Since 1955, he has been working as a senior researcher at the Laboratory of Spectroscopy of the Chemistry Department of Moscow State University ^[2] . In 1958, he founded a laboratory of solutions there and became its head (from 1958 to 1989). Methods (optical and radiophysical) were invented in it that made it possible to fully study the molecular mechanisms of the processes occurring in solutions, as well as their molecular structure. In 1959, 1967 he became a professor in the Department of Physical Chemistry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, respectively. At the Lomonosov Moscow State University, he introduced lectures on the philosophical problems of physics and chemistry, taught special courses for students: “Introduction to the molecular theory of solutions” (1962-1980s); “The theory of liquid systems”, “Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of fast processes in liquid phases” (1969-1980s); “Physical chemistry” at the geological faculty ; "Modern problems of the theory of liquid systems" at FPK. He led the university-wide seminar in physics and physical chemistry of the liquid state of matter. Upon retirement, M. I. Shakhparonov wrote books: “The principle of least action in natural science” (1991) and “Dielectric radio spectroscopy” (1992). In recent years, he worked on the book "The principle of least action in society", the book is not published.

He died on December 18, 2001 in Moscow.

• Son - Vladimir Mikhailovich Shakhparonov (born 4.09.1954 ^[10] ), an employee of the Physics Department of Moscow State University, Ph.D. n (2012) ^[11]
  • Grandson - Vladimir Vladimirovich Shakhparonov (born 13.08.1983 ^[10] ), employee of the Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Ph.D. n (2011) ^[11]

Chemistry

• Shakhparonov M. I. Introduction to the molecular theory of solutions. M .: Gostekhizdat, 1956. 507 p. .
• Shakhparonov M.I. Intermolecular interactions. M.: Knowledge, 1983. 63 p.
• Shakhparonov M.I. Methods of studying the thermal motion of molecules and the structure of liquids. M .: Moscow Publishing House. University, 1963.281 s.
• Shakhparonov M.I. Mechanisms of fast processes in liquids. M .: Higher. School, 1980.352 s.
• Shakhparonov M. I. Some questions of the physical theory of solutions. Dis. ... doctor. Chem. sciences. M. Moscow State University. Lomonosov, 1952.528 l.
• Shakhparonov M. I. The principle of least action in natural science. M: Publishing house of Moscow University, 1991.193 s.
• Usacheva TM, Lifanova NV, Zhuravlev VI, Shakhparonov MI Dielectric properties of carboxymethylated isononylphenol ethoxylates // Colloid Journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Kolloidnyi Zhurnal. - 1996. - Vol. 58, no. 1. - P. 91-95.

• Professors of Moscow University. Ed. V.A. Sadovnichy, V.I. Ilchenko, Volume 2. 2004. 653 p.
• Mikhail Ivanovich Shakhparonov (on the occasion of his 80th birthday) // Tomsk State University Journal. Mosk. University (series 2, Chemistry) 1998, v. 39 No. 1 p. 70-71.

• Sonin A. S. The sad anniversary of one campaign
• Pechenkin A. A. Antiresonance Campaign in Quantum Chemistry (1950-1951)
• Graham Lauren. Chapter IX. Chemistry // In the book. "Natural History, Philosophy and the Science of Human Behavior in the Soviet Union"