Chuvarleyka (Ardatovsky district)

Located 9 km northwest of the river Ardatova .

In the west, 1-2 km of mixed forest, in the south and southeast - small copses.

In the middle of the nineteenth century. Chuvarleyka was 9 miles from the river. Ardatova village, near the country road connecting Ardatov with the Arzamas - Murom postal tract.

The village was located at the rivers Lemeti and Chuvarleyke. It was part of the second camp of the Ardatovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province.

In 1859, the village counted: 31 yards, 133 male souls and 128 female souls. In sec. Chuvarleyka a significant part of the yards belonged to Prince Gagarin, and only about a fifth of the village was under the jurisdiction of the specific department. About 250 years ago, a church with a chapel was built in the village. It was located between two villages: Izmailovka and Chuvarleyka. The church had its own priest, as well as the headman and clerk.

According to the recollections of local residents, the peasants of the village sowed rye, oats, buckwheat, millet, flax, planted potatoes and turnips. The sandy lands of the village could not provide high grain crops - the basis of peasant well-being. Therefore, various crafts were developed in the village, designed to make up for the shortage of their own bread. So, in the 50-60s. XIX century Chuvarleyka was one of the centers of commodity production of vegetable oils. The craft that glorified Chuvarleyka in Ardatovsky district and beyond was the weaving of bast shoes.

The village was one of the oldest "bast" villages. In the middle of the nineteenth century. in the village 50 craftsmen were engaged in this craft. At this time, Chuvarleyka consisted of 60 yards, 178 men and 183 women lived in it. The conditions for the production and sale of bast shoes in Chuvarleyka were the same as in the neighboring settlements: Izmailovka , Lemeti and Uzhivka . To prepare the bast, artisans rented up to 12 acres of limestone. Unbaptized bast shoes were woven in the village - the roughest version of road bast shoes. They had a broad bast on them, however, it amounted to only a third in unbaptized bast shoes, the raw material was tear-the last did not differ in strength, was quickly soaked - therefore, unbaptized bast shoes were not durable. Their main advantage was cheapness: 3 kopecks. for a couple. The average Chuvarley family had 46 rubles a year from the bastards. pure profit. Even up to 80 rubles. she could receive from the sale of bundles of bast for lapotniks of treeless areas, from forestry: felling and carriage of firewood and forests. About 50 Chuvarley residents were engaged in the sale of “knife goods”. This craft of the Chuvar people in the 80s. XIX century adopted from peddlers s. Gary (Ardatovsky district). The land in Chuvarleik was in community ownership. The shower put on was 4.5 tithing. The distribution of land was as follows: in the first Chuvarley community (former specific peasants) - 2 tithes of 1346 fathoms of manor land and 156 tithes of 2330 fathoms of convenient land; in the second Chuvarley community (former serfs of Prince Gagarin) - 24 tithes of manor, 18 acres of uncomfortable, 345 acres of arable land and 16 acres of meadow land, 47 acres of shrub. In Chuvarleik in the mid-80s. XIX century there were 13 peasants who had their own purchased land. The size of their land ownership ranged from 1 to 11.5 tithes of land, and the total “own” land was 39 tithes. In addition, the Chuvarly peasants rented annually up to 40 acres of land from Prince Gagarin. There were practically no arrears of Chuvarleika: only 10 rubles. 35 kopecks (the total size of the shower tax was 10 rubles., 125 village salaries were counted outside the village).

In 1897, there were less than 500 inhabitants in the village.

According to the memoirs of old-timers, in 1902 an elementary school was built, it was located near the church, between two villages - Izmailovka and Chuvarleika.

In 1904, in the village there was one institution of grocery and haberdashery trade. It belonged to V.I. Dudin. About another well-to-do person s. Chuvarleyka is told the following: “There were prosorushka, grits in the village. There was a trampler. This is a building for making cloth from which clothes were sewn. All this belonged to one owner - Pankratov. He was very rich. But the people got angry at him, and set fire to his shingle in the middle of the day. Everything burned out for him. ”

In 1910, there were 94 households in Chuvarleik that made up two peasant societies. In the first community (former unit) there were only 16 yards, in the second (former serfs) - 78 yards. The village was part of the Kotovsky volost of the Ardatovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province.

In 1912, the number of courtyards in the village was reduced to 85. At that time, 586 inhabitants lived in Chuvarleik. The peasant farmsteads contained 564 livestock heads.

Soviet power in with. Chuvarleyka was established in 1917 by peaceful means. There were no military operations in the village during the Civil War. They came to the village for cattle, he was taken away. There were deserters, they were shot. Peasants from Ukraine were exiled to the village. A council was formed in the village. Its first chairman was Vasily Mikhailovich Danilov. And then Mochalov became chairman. Here Mochalov led the dispossession of local residents. He was a visiting activist.

The agricultural cartel in the village was formed in 1932. And the collective farm was formed in 1934. At first, not all were included in it, but in 1935 all families joined. There were fists. Pankratov Ivan lived prosperously, richly, was the master of shingles. He was dispossessed, everything was taken from him. At night, he and his family left for Kulebaki. There they died. After him, a house was preserved in the village. It was repaired several times, he moved on to other owners. Now Evdokia Pavlovna Abrashova lives in it. During World War II, the entire able-bodied population went to the front — about 100 people. But from the front only 10 - 15 people returned to their native village. Most of the departed Chuarlei remained on the battlefields. The village population is Russian, mostly Orthodox, but there were also Baptists. They had their own service, their rites, they celebrated their holidays. The collective farm was poor. Many villagers left.

In 1969, the collective farm became part of the Kotovsky farm. But with. Dude is not a central manor. The construction of a large village was not conducted.

Only in the 1980s. Three apartments were built in the village.

According to a 1978 survey, there were 47 yards in the village, 138 residents lived (59 males and 79 females). There are few youth in the village. The population of retirement age predominates. In the peasant farmstead there is currently a manor plot in the amount of 0.30 - 0.40 hectares, cattle, pigs, and sheep are kept. On the site they grow potatoes and other vegetables for themselves and livestock.

In 1992, with. There were 37 yards in Chuvarleyka, the population was 70 people (27 males and 43 females), the inhabitants held 82 livestock heads, including 12 cows.

Locals claim that the village arose about 250 years ago. There was a forest around, there was a river. On the banks of this river the people settled. The people were probably evicted from the Sarma Chuvarley-Maidan of the Voznesensky district. So they brought their name of the village of Chuvarley, which was subsequently transformed into the name of Chuvarleyka. It should be noted that in the Voznesensky district there is currently no settlement called Sarma Chuvarley-Maidan; in this area is located with. Sarma Maidan of the Naryshkinsky Village Council.

In the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, at present, in addition to the village of Chuvarleyka of the Kotovsky Village Council, there are four more settlements with a consonant name: the village of Chuvarley of the Kuzhutsky Village Council of the Dalnekonstantinovsky district, the village of Chuvarleyka of the Berezovsky Village Council of the Arzamas District, s. Chuvarley-Maidan Chuvarley-Maidan village council of the Ardat district, village of Chuvarley Strelsky rural Council of the Vadsky district. Which of the listed settlements was the place of residence of the first settlers and gave the name s. Chuvarleyka Kotovsky Village Council, it’s hard to say. Most likely, there is no connection between them.

The village got its name from the name of the river, which stood on the beret. The word "Chuvar" of Mordovian origin. It consists of two words: “shuvar” (distorted “chuvar”) - sand and “lei” - river or valley. Translated into Russian, this word can mean "sandy river", "sandy river valley."