Tangale (also tangle , biliri ; English tangale, tangle, biliri ; self-name : táŋlɛ̀ ) - the Chadian people who inhabit the eastern part of Nigeria - a hilly area located north of the Benue River and southeast of the Gongola River ( , , , and state of Gombe ) [1] [2] [3] . On the ethnic territory of the tangal is the administrative center of the state of Gombe - the city of Gombe . The area of resettlement of the Tangale is located next to the areas of the Bolev peoples (north of the Tangale), Hausa (to the west), Vaja and Tula (to the east), as well as with the areas of other, usually small, ethnic groups [4] [5] . Tangale is related to such peoples as Bade , Bohleva, Karekare , Ngizim and other Chadian peoples of northeast Nigeria [6] [7] .
| Tangale | |
|---|---|
| Modern self-name | táŋlɛ̀ |
| Abundance and area | |
| In total: about 253,000 people. [one] | |
 Nigeria ( Gombe State ) | |
| Tongue | tangale [2] |
| Religion | Christianity , Islam , traditional beliefs |
| Related peoples | bade , pain , karekare , ngizim |
According to estimates published on the website of the organization , the population of the Tangale people is about 253,000 people [1] .
Content
General information
The ethnic and social structure of the tangale is characterized by the presence of centralized power. The residence of the Tangale ruler is located in the city of Kaltungo. In addition to Kaltungo , Tura , Shong (near Mount Tangale), Billiri , Bara, Tal and others are among the large settlements in which the Tangale live. According to 1991 data, the Tangale ethnic territory included about 30 villages located between the cities of Billiri (in the northwest) and Kaltungo (in the southeast). According to the information provided by , the Tangale migrated to the area of modern settlement from the territory of the state of Bornu . During the migration, the ethnic component of the Jukun people was included in the composition of the Tangale. Tangale consists of several ethnic groups : Bangange, Terman, Kalarin, Ayia, Popandi and others - in the Kaltungo region; lapan, lyayeng, bo and others - in the Shongom area; Pandi, Oram, Balam, Kwe - in the area of Toure, etc. Each group consists of clans with its own totem animal (black kite, python, brown monkey, etc.) [8]
Language
The Tangale people speak the Tangale language of the Chadian family of the Afrasian macro-family [9] [10] [11] . This language is also known as “tangle”, which is the self-name of both the language and the people of the tangal ( táŋlɛ̀ ), and “billiri” (“biliri”), which is a local linguonim - the name of one of the largest dialects and one of the largest ethnic groups tangale. The area of spread of the Tangale language is divided into two dialectal ranges: the western, represented by the billiri dialect, and the eastern, which includes the Kaltungo, Toure, and Shong dialects [2] [12] . According to the classification of Chadian languages proposed by the American linguist , the Tangale language together with the languages Bele (Beel) , Bole (Bolanchi) , Deno , Cuba , Galamba , Hera , Geruma , Kanakuru (Dera) , Karekare , Kirfi , Kupto (kutto) , kwami (kvaami) , maha , ngamo , feather and piya (piyya-konchoni, wurkum) is part of the Bole group (Bole-tangala) of the West Chadian language branch [13] [14] [15] . The number of speakers of the Tangale language, according to data published in the Ethnologue directory, is about 130,000 people (1995). As the second Tangale language, native speakers of the West Chadian language piyya-konchi and native speakers of the jukunoid language also speak the second language. Tangale script is based on the Latin alphabet [2] .
Religion
Most representatives of the Tangale people profess Christianity (85%), part of the Tangale profess Islam (10%) and adhere to traditional beliefs (5%) [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Tangale in Nigeria . (2017). Archived December 16, 2017. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Simons GF, Fennig CD: Tangale. A language of Nigeria . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (20th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2017). Archived December 16, 2017. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ Tangale // The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary . - Greenwood Publishing Group , 1996 .-- P. 547. - 681 p. - ISBN 0313279187 .
- ↑ Simons GF, Fennig CD: Nigeria, Map 3 . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (20th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2017). Archived January 17, 2017. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ Simons GF, Fennig CD: Nigeria, Map 5 . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (20th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2017). Archived January 17, 2017. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ Popov V.A. Bade // Peoples and Religions of the World: Encyclopedia / Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya Ros. Acad. Science (Moscow); Ch. ed. V. A. Tishkov ; Editorial board: O. Yu. Artemova , S. A. Arutyunov , A. N. Kozhanovsky , V. M. Makarevich (deputy head of editorial board), V. A. Popov , P. I. Puchkov (deputy head of chapter Ed.), G. Yu. Sitnyansky . - M .: Big. encyclical. , 2000.- S. 72. - 928 p. - ISBN 5-85270-155-6 . Archived November 27, 2016. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ Marshak M.A. Bade // Peoples of the world. Encyclopedia / under the scientific. ed. L. M. Mintz ; Scientific and editorial council: Chubaryan A.O. , Fursenko A.A. et al. - M .: " OLMA Media Group ", 2007. - P. 80. - 638 p. - ISBN 978-5-373-01057-3 .
- ↑ , Galadima NA, Kleinewillinghöfer U. A Dictionary of the Tangale Language: (Kaltungo, Northern Nigeria): with a Grammatical Introduction Sprache und Oralität in Afrika, 12 . - Berlin: , 1991. - P. 17-18. - 218 p. - ISBN 3496005939 .
- ↑ Porhomovsky V. Ya. Chad Languages // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 . Archived copy . Date of treatment December 16, 2017. Archived December 25, 2012. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ Blench R. The Afro-Asiatic Languages. Classification and Reference List (pdf) P. 4-6. Cambridge: Roger Blench Website. Publications (2006). Archived May 23, 2013. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ Hammarström H., Forkel R., Haspelmath M. , Bank S .: Language: Tangale . . Jena: (2016). Archived December 16, 2017. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ Blench R. An Atlas of Nigerian Languages. 3rd Edition ( pdf) P. 80. Cambridge: Roger Blench Website. Publications (2012). Archived on November 28, 2016. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ 36. Hausa and the Chadic Languages // The World's Major Languages / Edited by B. Comrie . - Second Edition. - London: Routledge , 2009. - P. 619 - Table 36.1 The Chadic Language Family (Inventory and Classification). - ISBN 0-203-30152-8 .
- ↑ Afrasian Languages / Porkhomovsky V. Ya. // Ankylosis - Bank. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2005. - S. 525-527. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 2). - ISBN 5-85270-330-3 . Archived copy . Date of treatment June 18, 2019. Archived December 17, 2017. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
- ↑ Simons GF, Fennig CD: Afro-Asiatic. Chadic. West Ethnologue: Languages of the World (20th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2017). Archived November 27, 2016. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)
Literature
- Harnischfeger J. Tangale History and Culture // Sịndị: Tangale Folktales (Kaltungo, Northeastern Nigeria). Westafrikanische Studien, 23 / . - Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2002 .-- 455 p. - ISBN 3896451103 .
Links
- Music of the Tangale People: Tangale War Dance-Latang Music (Tangale dance group recorded in the village of Biliri ) (html). Washington: . Archived December 16, 2017. (Retrieved December 16, 2017)