Abd al-Haqq I ibn Mihyu ibn Abu Bakr ibn Hamama (d. 1217 ) - the first Marinid Sultan of Morocco , the founder of the dynasty.
| Abd al-Haqq I | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Predecessor | dynasty foundation | ||||||
| Successor | Usman I | ||||||
| Birth | or | ||||||
| Death | 1217 near Fez | ||||||
| Kind | Marinides | ||||||
| Children | Usman I , Muhammad I , Abu Yahya Abu Bakr , Abu Yusuf Yakub | ||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||
Biography
Abd al-Haqq was the leader of the Berber tribe Banu Marin, who lived southeast of Morocco . Banu Marin, in turn, was a side branch of the nomadic tribe of Vassin, driven out of the Tlemcen region by an Arab invasion in the 11th century to the Atlantic coast. Here Banu Marine was occupied by the area between Sigilmasa and Figigu. After the arrival of Arab tribes in this area, the marinids moved to the north of Morocco by the beginning of the 13th century .
The ethnonym Marinida comes from the ancestor of the tribe, Marina ibn Vartadzhan az-Zenati.
Having settled in Morocco, the marinids were initially subordinate to the Almohad dynasty, which was at that time the ruling house. After successfully participating in the battle of Alarcos in central Spain, the tribe began to establish itself as a political force.
Starting in 1213 , the marinids began raiding against the rural communities of northeastern Morocco controlled by Almohad. Relations between Banu Marine and Almohad became tense, and since 1215 there have been regular skirmishes between the two sides.
Around 1215, the new caliph of Almohad Yusuf II al-Mustansir was still young, moreover, the Alhokhad had previously suffered a serious defeat from the Christian kingdoms (July 16, 1212 ) at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa . The Marinids took advantage of the situation, and in 1217 tried to occupy eastern Morocco. Almohad fought against them 10,000 soldiers. The decisive battle took place on the coast of the Reef region. The Almohad were defeated and retreated to the mountains east of the Reef. Here they stayed for almost 30 years. During a stay in the Reef, the Almohad state practically collapsed: Christians seized large territories in Spain, followed by the Hafsids of Ifricia ( 1229 ) and Zayanides of Tlemcen ( 1235 ).
During 1217, the Berber nomads encountered marinids around Fez , but were defeated. However, Abd al-Haqq was mortally wounded during these battles.
Links
- Merinid Dynasty / Marinids / Beni Merin - The History Files (African Kingdoms)