Manja ( Mandzia , Manjia , Mangia , Mandrija ; English manja, mandja, mandjia, mandija ) - the Adamava-Ubangi people inhabiting the central regions of the Central African Republic (CAR) and the north-eastern regions of Cameroon . Earlier, the Manja people were considered as one of the ethnic groups within the GBaya people [3] [4] . Manja are similar in language and culture to the peoples of Gbaya , Ngbaka and others [5] [6] . The total number is estimated at 329 thousand people [1] .
| Manja | |
|---|---|
| Abundance and area | |
| Total: about 329 thousand people. [one] | |
| |
| Tongue | Mandza , Sango [2] |
| Religion | Christianity traditional beliefs |
| Related peoples | gbaya , ngbaka |
Area and number
The main area of settlement of the Manja people is the central regions of the Central African Republic (CAR) . According to the modern administrative division of the Central African Republic , the representatives of the Manja are populated by the Subocrino and the Sibut prefecture; A small part of the manja also lives in the northeastern part of the territory of Cameroon [1] [5] . Manja is settled in the neighborhood with such kindred peoples as Gbaya , Gang and others [7] .
According to the data published in the encyclopedia The Peoples of Africa (1996), the manja people numbered about 160 thousand people [3] . According to information published in the “ Big Russian Encyclopedia ” (2006), the manja was 258.1 thousand people, of which 251 thousand in the CARs and 7.1 thousand in Cameroon [5] . According to current estimates presented on the website, the manzha number is about 329 thousand [1] , of which 316 thousand in the Central African Republic and 139 thousand in Cameroon [8] [9] . In the Central African Republic, manja make up about 13% of the country's population [10] [11] .
General Information
Manja make figurines of wood and ivory, personifying the relationship with their ancestors, the style of manufacturing is similar to the style of the Ngbaka and Ngbandi peoples. The only difference is that the cuff usually doesn’t emphasize on the figurines traces of scarification as the Ngbak and Ngbandi masters do [12]
History
The ancestors of the Manja people moved to the modern territory of the settlement from more northern regions in the 19th century. In 1982, the manja took French citizenship, after which some of the representatives of this nation were sent to the French army in Chad to work as porters. At the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, the manja population was greatly reduced due to the spread of epidemics. In 1903, the manja raised a revolt against the French , which was brutally suppressed [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Manja . (2017). Archived December 14, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 Simons GF, Fennig CD: Mandja. A language of Central African Republic (English) . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (20th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2017). Archived December 14, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Mandija // The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary . - Greenwood Publishing Group , 1996. - P. 366. - 681 p. - ISBN 0313279187 .
- ↑ Andrianov B. V. , Popov V. A. Gbaya // Peoples and religions of the world: Encyclopedia / Ch. editor V. A. Tishkov ; Edited: O. Yu. Artyomova , S. A. Arutyunov , A. N. Kozhanovsky , V. M. Makarevich (Deputy Ch. Ed.), V. A. Popov , P. I. Puchkov (Deputy Ch. . red.), G. Yu. Sitnyansky . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia , 1999. - pp . 132-113 . - ISBN 5-85270-155-6 . Archived February 22, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Gbaya / Popov V. A. // The Eightfold Path - Germans. - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2006. - P. 441. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, t. 6). - ISBN 5-85270-335-4 . Archived copy . The appeal date is July 24, 2018. Archived November 11, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- ↑ Ngbaka // Nano-science - Nikolay Kavasila. - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2013. - P. 221. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, vol. 22). - ISBN 978-5-85270-358-3 . Archived copy . The appeal date is July 24, 2018. Archived November 11, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- ↑ Simons GF, Fennig CD: Central African Republic (English) . Ethnologue: Languages of the World (20th Edition) . Dallas: SIL International (2017). Archived November 12, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- ↑ Manja in Central African Republic (English) . (2017). Archived December 14, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- ↑ Manja in Cameroon (English) . (2017). Archived December 14, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- ↑ Library. Publications. Resources. The World Factbook. Africa. Central African Republic. People and Society. Ethnic groups (English) . Central Intelligence Agency (2017). Archived November 11, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
- Alk Stalker P. A guide to countries of the world . - Third edition. - Oxford; New York Press: Oxford University Press , 2010. - P. 58. - 421 p. - ISBN 978-0-19-958072-9 .
- ↑ Manja. Manja Information (English) . African Art Museum (Yuri Raskin). Archived December 14, 2017. (Checked December 14, 2017)
Literature
- Appiah A. , Gates HL Mandija // Encyclopedia of Africa . - Oxford University Press , 2010. - V. 1. - P. 135. - 1392 p. - ISBN 0195337700 .
- AM Vergiat, Moeurs et Coutumes des Manjas, 1937
- Timothée Ngakoutou, La personnalité mandja, expériences, développement, conditionnements: contribution to the l'étude de l'enculturation et de la transculturation , Université de Paris 5, 1971, Seite 261 (These des 3. Zyklus)
- Fernand Gaud, "Organization politique des Mandja (Congo)", in Revue des études ethnographiques et sociologie (Paris), 1 (6-7) Juni-Juli 1908, Seiten 321-326
- Fernand Gaud, Les Mandja (Congo français) , A. de Wit, Bruxelles, 1911 ( Collection de monographies ethnographiques 8), Seite