Archaeanact the Great ( Αρχαιανακτ , c. 540 BC - c. 470 BC ) - archon and founder of the Bosporus kingdom in 480 - 470 BC. e. years.
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Content
Biography
Origin
The basic information about Archeanact is contained in the work of Diodorus of Sicily. According to various sources, the ancestors of Archeanact came from the cities of Miletus or Mytilene (about. Lesvos). Most researchers are inclined to the first option, since there are long-standing references to the representative of the noble Milesian family Archeanakt. Probably a relative or direct descendant of the last Semand, together with the Milesians and Aeolians from Lesbos, moved to the Black Sea coast, where he became a ctyist (founder) of the Hermonass colony. Over time, this particular city becomes one of the leading cities.
Dominions
It is assumed that Archeanact was the son of Semander. Due to the high status of the family, over time it becomes the archon of Hermonassa. Given the leading position of his native city among the cities of the Bosporus of Cimmeria, he managed to form a common Bosporus symmony (military alliance).
Most researchers believe that Archeanact first held the post of priest of this god. Thanks to this, by 480 BC e. managed to unite and become the archon of the whole Bosporus, becoming the religious leader of the Bosporus Ampictonium (the cities of Hermonass, Tirithak , Korokondam , Panticapaeum , Fanagoria , Mirmekiy , Kepa and Porfmy) around the temple of Apollo. He had outstanding military talents and victories in wars with the surrounding Sind tribes.
However, the Bosporus state was a more peculiar confederation or federation led by Hermonassa. Over time, Archeanact transfers the capital to the Panticapaeum colony, which begins to actively develop. Thanks to this, it is even considered the founder of this city. He began strengthening his power and centralization, taking into account the danger from the Scythians of the Crimean peninsula. At the same time, he was forced to take into account the influence of the collections of the demos and local noble families. Somewhere in the middle of the 470s BC. e. concluded an anti-Scythian alliance with the Western Sinds.
He began to mint his own silver coin with the inscription APOL (in honor of Apollo). He contributed to the economic upsurge of the Bosporus cities, establishing allied relations with Athens and the Delos Maritime Union, formed in 478 BC. e. This contributed to the peaceful passage of the Bosporus ships by the Dardanelles in Asia Minor (in particular, the Ionian cities) to Hellas directly.
Died approx. 470 BC e.
Sources
- Shelov-Kovedyaev F.V. History of the Bosporus in the VI — V centuries. to n e. // The oldest states on the territory of the USSR M .: Nauka, 1985.264 s.
- Jochen Fornasier, Burkhard Böttger, Das Bosporanische Reich. Zabern, Mainz 2002. ISBN 3-8053-2895-8
- Borisova V.S. Bospor Archeanactids in Russian historiography // From the History of Ancient Society. N. Novgorod, 2003. Issue. 8. C. 14-23.
- Tolstikov VP Panticapaeum II Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea. Thessaloniki, 2003. Vol. 2. P. 707-759.